Chapter 1

Question 1

Biology

Answer 1

Study of life

Question 2

Biosphere

Answer 2

Part of Earth in which life exists including land, water, and air or atmosphere.

Question 3

Ecosystem

Answer 3

A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.

Question 4

Community

Answer 4

A ground of interdependent organisms inhabiting the same region and interacting with each other.

Question 5

Population

Answer 5

A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area.

Question 6

Organism

Answer 6

A living thing

Question 7

Organ

Answer 7

A collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body.

Question 8

Cell

Answer 8

The basic unit of structure and function in living things.

Question 9

Tissue

Answer 9

A group of similar cells that preform the same function.

Question 10

Organelle

Answer 10

A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell.

Question 11

Molecule

Answer 11

Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.

Question 12

Emergent properties

Answer 12

New properties that arise with each step upward in the hierarchy of life, owning to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases.

Question 13

System biology

Answer 13

The exploration of a biological system by analyzing the interactions among its parts.

Question 14

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 14

Larger, complex, with the nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, DNA tightly wrapped around his tone proteins in chromosomes, cellulose in plant cell walls.

Question 15

Prokaryotic cell

Answer 15

A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains bacteria and archaea.

Question 16

DNA

Answer 16

A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes.

Question 17

Genes

Answer 17

DNA segments that serve as the key functional units in hereditary transmission.

Question 18

Gene expression

Answer 18

Process by which a gene produces it’s product and the product carries out its function.

Question 19

Genome

Answer 19

The complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organisms chromosomes.

Question 20

Genomics

Answer 20

Study of whole genomes, including genes and their functions.

Question 21

Proteomics

Answer 21

Study of the structure and function of proteins in the human body.

Question 22

Bioinformatics

Answer 22

Use of computer databases to organize and analyze biological data.

Question 23

Producer

Answer 23

An organism that can make its own food

Question 24

Consumers

Answer 24

An organism that obtains energy and nutrients by feeding on other organisms or their remains.

Question 25

Evolution

Answer 25

Change in a kind of organism over time; process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms.

Question 26

Eukarya Domain

Answer 26

Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia kingdoms

Question 27

Archea domain

Answer 27

Prokaryotic cells that live in extreme conditions

Question 28

Bacteria domain

Answer 28

One of two domains of prokaryotes, which are single-felled organisms that lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

Question 29

Deductive reasoning

Answer 29

Reasoning in which a conclusion is reached by stating a general principle and then applying that principle to a specific case (The sun rises every morning; therefore, the sun will rise on Tuesday morning.)

Question 30

Independent variable

Answer 30

The experiment factor that is manipulated; the variable who’s effect is being studied.

Question 31

Dependent variable

Answer 31

The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable.