chapter 1 Flashcards
what is the difference between information and data
- -> data is the raw or unprocessed material
- -> Information is knowledge, intelligence, a particular piece of data with a special meaning or function
- -> It is the result of combining, comparing, analysing, or performing calculations on data
what is a database
- -> A database is a centralized and structured set of data stored on a computer system
- -> provides facilities for retrieving, adding, modifying, and deleting data when required
- -> provides facilities for transforming retrieved data into useful information
who manages a database
database administrator
when the raw data is queried it is transformed into ________________
more useful information
what are the steps in the database design process
analyze
design
build
what is the first step in database development process
data modelling
what happens in the data modelling process
- -> collecting and analyzing the data a business needs to track
- -> followed by diagramming the organization of that data in an entity-relationship diagram (ERD)
data modelling begins by ______________________________
researching the information requirements of a business
an entity relationship diagram should completely ___________________________
capture and accurately model the organization’s information needs and functions of the business
what is step 2 of database development process
database design phase
–> translates the information modelled on the entity-relationship diagram to a table instance chart
what components does a table instance chart contain
table names
column names
keys
Nulls
2 types of keys
primary keys
foreign keys
what is a primary key
it is a unique identifier for each row of the data
what is a foreign key
links the data in 1 table to the data in a second table by referring to the primary key column in the second table
what is nulls
indicates if a column must contain a value
what is unique
value contained within a column is unique within the table
what is data type
identifies the definition and format of the data stored in each column
what is used to build the physical structure of the database
SQL commands
what is sql used for
populate, access ,and manipulate the data within the relational db
what is software
programs which tell the hardware what to do
what is OS
a software program that directly controls and manages the hardware
what is application
program which carries out specific tasks on behalf of the user
what is a server and client
–> server is a powerful computer that accepts work requests from clients, executes the request and sends the response back to the client
- -> client is a workstation or computer including a screen, keyboard and mouse
- -> human users interact directly with clients
what is a grid computing model
–> all of an organization’s computers in different locations can be utilized just like a pool of computing resources
–> builds a software infrastructure that can run on a large number of networked servers `
what happens when a user makes a request in grid computing model
the request will be processed in the grid, in the most efficient way possible
grid computing is computing as a _________-
utility
–> user is charged for what they uses
what is cloud computing
allows businesses to access software and hardware from a cloud provider
located remotely
delivered to users using web technology `
personal computers became widely available in which year
1980s
what was the problem with isolated non integrated systems
if an upgrade is made to a software application, each and every server plus every client must be upgraded.
what are dumb terminals
these are smaller computers that were used to access the mainframe.
_________ is a colleciton of data arranged for speed of ease and speed of search for retrieval
database
what is dbms
A software used for storing and retrieving users’ data while
considering appropriate security measures.
It consists of a group of programs which manipulate the database.
The DBMS accepts the request for data from an application and instructs the operating system to provide the specific data.
In large systems, a DBMS helps users and other third-party software to store and
retrieve data.
what is the definition of sql
According to ANSI (American National Standards Institute), it is the standard
language for relational database management systems.
SQL statements are used to perform tasks such as update data on a
database, or retrieve data from a database.
Some common relational database management systems that use SQL are:
Oracle, Sybase, Microsoft SQL Server, Access, Ingres, etc.
