chapter 1

Question 1

is a set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task.

Answer 1

a program

Question 2

Programs are commonly referred to as

Answer 2

software

Question 3

are the individuals that create computer software.

Answer 3

Programmers or Software Developers

Question 4

The physical devices that a computer is made of are referred to as the

Answer 4

computer’s hardware

Question 5

The programs that run on a computer are referred to as

Answer 5

software

Question 6

The physical devices that a computer is made of are referred to as the computer’s

Answer 6

hardware

Question 7

A Computer System consists of:

Answer 7

Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Main memory
Secondary storage
Input devices
Output devices

Question 8

is the part of a computer that runs the programs. Often referred to as the processor.

Answer 8

cpu

Question 9

a program is the term used when the computer performs the tasks that the program tells it to do.

Answer 9

running or executing

Question 10

World’s first programmable computer
Built in 1945
Designed to calculate artillery ballistic tables for the U.S. Army
CPU was 8 feet tall, 100 feet long, and weighed 30 tons

Answer 10

ENIAC

Question 11

Much smaller

Much more powerful

Answer 11

Microprocessor

Question 12

Considered the computer’s work area
Computer stores the program that is running as well as the data
Commonly known as the

Answer 12

Random access memory

Question 13

is a volatile type of memory, Used for temporary storage, is erased when computer is turned off

Answer 13

Ram

Question 14

A computer can read the contents of ______, but it cannot change its contents, or store additional data there.

Answer 14

ROM

Question 15

is nonvolatile. It does not lose its contents, even when the computer’s power is turned off.

Answer 15

ROM

Question 16

is typically used to store programs that are important for the system’s operation. For example, the computer’s startup program, which is executed each time the computer is started.

Answer 16

ROM

Question 17

Type of memory that can hold data for long periods of time.

Programs and important data are stored in

Answer 17

Secondary Storage

Question 18

is a common type of secondary storage
Data is stored by magnetically encoding it onto a circular disk
Most computers have an internal_____
Some have external disk drives; they are used to create backup copies

Answer 18

Disk drive

Question 19

are becoming increasingly popular
Does not contain a disk. Instead, it stores data in ______memory
No moving parts
Operates faster than a traditional disk drive

Answer 19

Solid-state drives

Question 20

are small devices that plug into the computer’s ____ port
It does not contain a disk
The data is stored on flash memory
Also known as memory sticks and flash drives
Inexpensive, reliable, and small

Answer 20

usb drives

Question 21

Data is encoded as a series of pits on the disc’s surface
Uses laser to encode the data
Holds large amounts of data
Good medium for creating backups

Answer 21

Optical devices (CD or DVD)

Question 22

When you store data in the , you are storing it on a remote server via the internet, or via a company’s private network.
You can access it from many different devices, and from any location where you have a network connection.
Can also be used to backup important data that is stored on a computer’s disk.

Answer 22

cloud storage

Question 23

Any data the computer collects from people and from other devices is called

Answer 23

input

Question 24

The hardware component that collects the data is called an

Answer 24

input device

Question 25

Common input devices are:

Answer 25

``` Keyboard Mouse Touch screen Scanner Microphone Digital camer ```

Question 26

Any data the computer produces for people or for other devices is called

Answer 26

output

Question 27

The hardware component that formats and presents the data is called an

Answer 27

output device

Question 28

Common output devices are:

Answer 28

monitor | printer

Question 29

Everything a computer does is controlled by software. | Two categories of software:

Answer 29

System software | Application software

Question 30

Programs that control and manage the basic operations of a computer are referred to as

Answer 30

system software

Question 31

controls the internal operations of the computer’s hardware and manages all of the devices connected to the computer.

Answer 31

operating system

Question 32

perform a specialized task that enhances the computer’s operation or safeguards data.

Answer 32

Utility programs

Question 33

are programs that are used to create, modify, and test software.

Answer 33

Software development tools

Question 34

Programs that people normally spend most of their time running on their computers performing everyday tasks are referred to as

Answer 34

application software.

Question 35

A computer’s memory is divided into tiny storage locations known as

Answer 35

bytes

Question 36

One byte represents

Answer 36

one number

Question 37

A byte is divided into eight smaller storage locations known as

Answer 37

bits

Question 38

are tiny electrical components that can hold either a positive or a negative charge.

Answer 38

bits

Question 39

A positive charge is similar to a switch in the

Answer 39

on position

Question 40

A negative charge is similar to a switch in the

Answer 40

off position

Question 41

The largest value that can be stored in a byte with eight bits is

Answer 41

255

Question 42

Two bytes are used for larger numbers; maximum value is

Answer 42

65535

Question 43

is a coding scheme

Answer 43

ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)

Question 44

is an extensive encoding scheme It is compatible with ASCII It represents characters for many languages in the world

Answer 44

unicode

Question 45

is a set of 128 numeric codes

Answer 45

ASCII

Question 46

Negative numbers are encoded using

Answer 46

two’s complement

Question 47

Real numbers are encoded using

Answer 47

floating-point notation

Question 48

is data that is stored in binary

Answer 48

digital data

Question 49

is any device that works with binary data

Answer 49

digital device

Question 50

Digital images are composed of tiny dots of color known as

Answer 50

pixels

Question 51

Digital sound is broken into small pieces known as

Answer 51

samples

Question 52

can only understand instructions that are written in machine language. Because people find it very difficult to write entire programs in machine language, other programming languages have been invented.

Answer 52

a computer's cpu

Question 53

CPU is designed to perform the following operations:

Answer 53

Read a piece of data from main memory Adding two numbers Subtracting one number from another number Multiplying two numbers Dividing one number by another number Moving a piece of data from one memory location to another Determining whether one value is equal to another value

Question 54

CPU only understands instructions written in

Answer 54

machine language

Question 55

Machine language instructions are written in

Answer 55

1s and 0s

Question 56

The entire set of instructions that a CPU can execute is known as the CPU’s

Answer 56

instruction set

Question 57

is the term used when the CPU executes the instructions in a program. The cycle consist of three steps:

Answer 57

Fetch Decode Execute

Question 58

uses short words that are known as mnemonics

Answer 58

assembly language

Question 59

is used to translate an assembly language program to machine language

Answer 59

assembler

Question 60

Assembly language is referred to as a

Answer 60

low level language

Question 61

allow you to create powerful and complex programs without knowing how the CPU works, using words that are easy to understand.

Answer 61

high-level language

Question 62

have specific meaning and purpose in the programming language

Answer 62

Key words or reserved words

Question 63

perform various operations on data

Answer 63

operators

Question 64

is a set of rules that must be strictly followed when writing a program

Answer 64

syntax

Question 65

are individual instructions written in a programming language

Answer 65

statements

Question 66

The statements written in a high-level language are called

Answer 66

source code or simply code

Question 67

is a mistake such as a: Misspelled word Missing punctuation character Incorrect use of an operator

Answer 67

syntax error

Question 68

Source code is translated to machine language using a

Answer 68

compiler or interpreter

Question 69

is a program that translates a high-level language program into a separate machine language program

Answer 69

compiler

Question 70

is a program that both translates and executes the instructions in a high-level language program

Answer 70

interpreter

Question 71

The set of programs that control or enhance the operation of a computer such as an Operating System, Utility Programs, or Software Development Tools.

Answer 71

system software

Question 72

Programs that make a computer useful for every day tasks such as Microsoft Word, email programs, and Web browsers.

Answer 72

application software