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chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

is a set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task.

A

a program

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2
Q

Programs are commonly referred to as

A

software

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3
Q

are the individuals that create computer software.

A

Programmers or Software Developers

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4
Q

The physical devices that a computer is made of are referred to as the

A

computer’s hardware

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5
Q

The programs that run on a computer are referred to as

A

software

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6
Q

The physical devices that a computer is made of are referred to as the computer’s

A

hardware

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7
Q

A Computer System consists of:

A 
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Main memory
Secondary storage
Input devices
Output devices
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8
Q

is the part of a computer that runs the programs. Often referred to as the processor.

A

cpu

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9
Q

a program is the term used when the computer performs the tasks that the program tells it to do.

A

running or executing

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10
Q

World’s first programmable computer
Built in 1945
Designed to calculate artillery ballistic tables for the U.S. Army
CPU was 8 feet tall, 100 feet long, and weighed 30 tons

A

ENIAC

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11
Q

Much smaller

Much more powerful

A

Microprocessor

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12
Q

Considered the computer’s work area
Computer stores the program that is running as well as the data
Commonly known as the

A

Random access memory

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13
Q

is a volatile type of memory, Used for temporary storage, is erased when computer is turned off

A

Ram

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14
Q

A computer can read the contents of ______, but it cannot change its contents, or store additional data there.

A

ROM

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15
Q

is nonvolatile. It does not lose its contents, even when the computer’s power is turned off.

A

ROM

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16
Q

is typically used to store programs that are important for the system’s operation. For example, the computer’s startup program, which is executed each time the computer is started.

A

ROM

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17
Q

Type of memory that can hold data for long periods of time.

Programs and important data are stored in

A

Secondary Storage

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18
Q

is a common type of secondary storage
Data is stored by magnetically encoding it onto a circular disk
Most computers have an internal_____
Some have external disk drives; they are used to create backup copies

A

Disk drive

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19
Q

are becoming increasingly popular
Does not contain a disk. Instead, it stores data in ______memory
No moving parts
Operates faster than a traditional disk drive

A

Solid-state drives

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20
Q

are small devices that plug into the computer’s ____ port
It does not contain a disk
The data is stored on flash memory
Also known as memory sticks and flash drives
Inexpensive, reliable, and small

A

usb drives

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21
Q

Data is encoded as a series of pits on the disc’s surface
Uses laser to encode the data
Holds large amounts of data
Good medium for creating backups

A

Optical devices (CD or DVD)

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22
Q

When you store data in the , you are storing it on a remote server via the internet, or via a company’s private network.
You can access it from many different devices, and from any location where you have a network connection.
Can also be used to backup important data that is stored on a computer’s disk.

A

cloud storage

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23
Q

Any data the computer collects from people and from other devices is called

A

input

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24
Q

The hardware component that collects the data is called an

A

input device

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25
Q

Common input devices are:

A 
Keyboard
Mouse
Touch screen
Scanner
Microphone
Digital camer
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26
Q

Any data the computer produces for people or for other devices is called

A

output

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27
Q

The hardware component that formats and presents the data is called an

A

output device

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28
Q

Common output devices are:

A

monitor

printer

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29
Q

Everything a computer does is controlled by software.

Two categories of software:

A

System software

Application software

30
Q

Programs that control and manage the basic operations of a computer are referred to as

A

system software

31
Q

controls the internal operations of the computer’s hardware and manages all of the devices connected to the computer.

A

operating system

32
Q

perform a specialized task that enhances the computer’s operation or safeguards data.

A

Utility programs

33
Q

are programs that are used to create, modify, and test software.

A

Software development tools

34
Q

Programs that people normally spend most of their time running on their computers performing everyday tasks are referred to as

A

application software.

35
Q

A computer’s memory is divided into tiny storage locations known as

A

bytes

36
Q

One byte represents

A

one number

37
Q

A byte is divided into eight smaller storage locations known as

A

bits

38
Q

are tiny electrical components that can hold either a positive or a negative charge.

A

bits

39
Q

A positive charge is similar to a switch in the

A

on position

40
Q

A negative charge is similar to a switch in the

A

off position

41
Q

The largest value that can be stored in a byte with eight bits is

A

255

42
Q

Two bytes are used for larger numbers; maximum value is

A

65535

43
Q

is a coding scheme

A

ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)

44
Q

is an extensive encoding scheme
It is compatible with ASCII
It represents characters for many languages in the world

A

unicode

45
Q

is a set of 128 numeric codes

A

ASCII

46
Q

Negative numbers are encoded using

A

two’s complement

47
Q

Real numbers are encoded using

A

floating-point notation

48
Q

is data that is stored in binary

A

digital data

49
Q

is any device that works with binary data

A

digital device

50
Q

Digital images are composed of tiny dots of color known as

A

pixels

51
Q

Digital sound is broken into small pieces known as

A

samples

52
Q

can only understand instructions that are written in machine language. Because people find it very difficult to write entire programs in machine language, other programming languages have been invented.

A

a computer’s cpu

53
Q

CPU is designed to perform the following operations:

A

Read a piece of data from main memory
Adding two numbers
Subtracting one number from another number
Multiplying two numbers
Dividing one number by another number
Moving a piece of data from one memory location to another
Determining whether one value is equal to another value

54
Q

CPU only understands instructions written in

A

machine language

55
Q

Machine language instructions are written in

A

1s and 0s

56
Q

The entire set of instructions that a CPU can execute is known as the CPU’s

A

instruction set

57
Q

is the term used when the CPU executes the instructions in a program.
The cycle consist of three steps:

A

Fetch
Decode
Execute

58
Q

uses short words that are known as mnemonics

A

assembly language

59
Q

is used to translate an assembly language program to machine language

A

assembler

60
Q

Assembly language is referred to as a

A

low level language

61
Q

allow you to create powerful and complex programs without knowing how the CPU works, using words that are easy to understand.

A

high-level language

62
Q

have specific meaning and purpose in the programming language

A

Key words or reserved words

63
Q

perform various operations on data

A

operators

64
Q

is a set of rules that must be strictly followed when writing a program

A

syntax

65
Q

are individual instructions written in a programming language

A

statements

66
Q

The statements written in a high-level language are called

A

source code or simply code

67
Q

is a mistake such as a:
Misspelled word
Missing punctuation character
Incorrect use of an operator

A

syntax error

68
Q

Source code is translated to machine language using a

A

compiler or interpreter

69
Q

is a program that translates a high-level language program into a separate machine language program

A

compiler

70
Q

is a program that both translates and executes the instructions in a high-level language program

A

interpreter

71
Q

The set of programs that control or enhance the operation of a computer such as an Operating System, Utility Programs, or Software Development Tools.

A

system software

72
Q

Programs that make a computer useful for every day tasks such as Microsoft Word, email programs, and Web browsers.

A

application software

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