Chapter 1 Flashcards
What is a Stores?
Small local storage facility for immediate use items
What is a Warehouse?
Large scale storage facility - there is a stand alone warehouse which is not connected to manufacturing assembly and integrated which is attached to the assembly line or at least on the same site
What are Distribution Centres and Hubs?
Warehouses which are a focal point for a specific activity or geographic area.
What is a Stock Yard?
An open area which can have a canopy used to store bulky items and vehicles
What is the purpose of Stores, Warehouses etc?
Make stock available in alignment with stock management
Maintain a safe environment for material handling
A secure environment to avoid stock loss
A secure environment to minimise stock loss from damage or deterioration
What Warehousing options exist?
Centralised warehouse - a single location used to supply whole country
Regional warehouse - used to supply a specific area of a country
Local warehouse or stores - multiple locations situated close to the users
Warehouse in another country - obvious
Outsourced warehousing - specialist organisation manage stock movement
Partnering - sharing warehousing cost and facilities with other companies
Can you explain Porters Diamond Model?
Firm strategy, structure and rivalry - rivalry/ competition in the market place encourages innovation and differentiation to drive competitive advantage. It is therefore critical for strategy and structure to inhibit behavior that drive competitive advantage. This can also include the structure/ strategy of government i.e. funding of engineering degrees, high rate of graduate programme encouraging uptake of higher education. In return, this can reduce competition as other companies and nations cannot compete
Demand conditions- whole market demand for product or service. A nations increasing demand for a product or service drive companies to need to push product develop and technology to avoid market saturation, thus giving that nations and companies the push to innovate and create competitive advantage
Related supporting industries - success of one industry impacting another. Related industry under the same pressure to reduce costs and innovate can benefit to the top tier supplier thus nation for greater access to cheaper and more innovative product, thus creating competitive advantage
Factor conditions - Resources. Resources are split into 2 categories i) basic i.e natural resource ii) advanced i.e. specialist skills labour force. Note, competitive advantage can only be created by advance resources!
Government & Chance 2 other determinants which are obvious
The term “Home Base” is where a nation becomes famous for being the best at producing something i.e. Germany for car manufacturing
What are Docks?
A feature of a warehouse design used for unloading and loading of vehicles also known as loading/ unloading bays
What is Zoning?
Clearly marked/ designated area of a warehouse mapped by different requirements for different stock, equipment, access ETC
What is Cross Docking?
When a delivery is unloaded but immediately prepared for dispatch without being stored. In some cases a vehicle may delivery goods and sit there for an immediate reload to delivery something else elsewhere
What is a Tote Box?
Reusable storage boxes
What is Picking?
Activity of retrieving stock from storage
How does CIPS describe the flow of a warehouse?
The ability for stock to move around a facility in the quickest and safest manor. A poor flow reduces efficiency.
What are Aisles?
Areas between racking and or pallets for access
What % of of retailer deliveries are made from October to December?
80% with requirement to manufacture and store stock for the rest of the year
What is a Mezzanine floor?
Elevated additional working storage space. Most importantly it enables storage underneath so a work station can be created without loosing storage space per sq ft
What is a quarantine area?
Area set aside for items which are awaiting inspection, including other faulty goods which are due to be returned to supplier. it is important that defective goods do not make it past this point as they risk being mixed with other good stock
What is kitting?
Activity in warehouse or stores of assembling groups of items that are to be used together for a specific task or build
What is Return Logistics, otherwise known as Reverse Logistics?
The movement of material is the opposite direction of supply to facilitate return of defective goods, warranty claims, surplus goods etc . This can also involve recycling or scrapping
What is a Bottleneck?
A restriction inside a warehouse, store etc which holds up or slows down activity.
What is Flexible Warehousing?
Technique which allows short term ability to increase or decrease storage space
What is Consignment Stock?
A facility offered by supplier to deliver stock to buyer and only charged once used or sold on
Do you know the size of UK and euro pallets?
UK - 1200mm x 1000mm
Europe - 1200mm x 800mm - must conform to European pallet association UCI435-2
The largest international size is 1200 squares
What types of product codes exist?
Own product code Manufacturers product code Customer product code Industry standard product code Multiple product codes
Then…
Numerical - all number, no letters
Alphanumerical - all letters, no numbers
Random generated or created - system randomly generated code, less chance of keying wrong pattern in caused my human error
Sequential - New item added take the next letter or number in the sequence i.e. 1000 –> 1001 or abc –> abd or 459/1000 –> 459/1001
Structured - when numbers signify characteristic of the product i.e 121769 –>121 means it is paint and 769 means the colour, thus if you were searching for paint you would start by searching 121
What is a does SKU stand for?
Stock Keeping Unit - code/ reference given to help identify items
What are Check Digits?
Additional number or character added to code that computers use to verify the number is valid. This is reduces mis keying and will result is an error, prompting the person keying in info to retry and look for the error.
e.g. adding up - SKU455879, number add up to 29 so code used is SKU45587929. Computer will only accept entry if number equal 29.
Multiple then add and module are also examples
Which standards agency sets battery product codes?
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
What code structure does NATO use?
The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation used a 13 digit code to aid communication between countries
What code structure so books use?
The international Standard Book Number System (ISBN) use a 13 digit code
What is the The Harmonised Item Description and Coding System?
Abbreviated to HS Harmonised System for short, its an international standard governed by the World Customer Organisation (WCO). it uses a 6 digit code which is used world wide. Local country may add additional digits to the end to signify sub divisions
What are Bar Codes?
They are line printing onto items which with the use of thickness and spaces signify number when read by scanning equipment.
The most common is the 13 digit European Article number (EAN-13)
EAN-13 is also compatible with Radio Frequency Identification (RFI)
EAN also use a 8 digit format for small items where 13 would struggle to fit
EAN-13 is incorporated into International Article Number (IAN) and Global Trade Item Number (GTIN)
GTIN is operated by not for profit organisation called GS1
Bar code can also be in 2-D format such as QR (quick response code) codes which hold capacity for more data than typical bar codes
What are Fixed Assets?
Accounting term used to describe items which are land and building, fixtures, offices, equipment. these are also known as non-current assets
What 2 types of RFID exist?
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification)
Passive - lays dormant until asked, then announces various data
Active - periodically announces what it is and therefore can be tracked
A good example of RFID use is on Tote boxes. Boxes can be tracked around a warehouse, avoiding losses.
Other uses:
Tracking items/ locating equipment
Stores unique to help identify items and locations
Trigger alarms i.e. stealing a laptop from a shop
RFIS are often used in partnership with Gateways which are arch over doorways which trigger events when an RFID chip passes through.
What common equipment can you find in a warehouse, store etc?
Dollies Sack trucks Trolleys Turntable trucks Roll cage Order pickers Pallet trucks Pallet stackers Grabs Drum lifters and loaders Counter balance forklifts trucks Reach trucks Vacuum lifters Roller systems Conveyor systems Cranes Carousels Stacker canes Access to higher levels Waste storage and compression Weighing Weight bridges Floor scales and platform scales Conveyor belt scales Forklift and pallet truck scales Load cells Suspended balance and cranes scales Counting scales Racking and storage Pallets Skids Slip sheets Packing and packaging Cardboard boxes
What is Unit Load?
Grouping of different items into a convenient stack or stacks which make them easy to move. Typically pallets and plastic wrapped.
What is Harmonized Item Description and Coding System, abbreviated to HS - Harmonized System?
UN codes for transportation of hazardous goods which dictate how goods and labelled and packaged i..e use of pallets, boxes, wrapping etc
What is Void Filling?
Various materials used to fill empty space in boxes. Environmental impact of material used should be considered as well as their ability to protect goods in transit
What are Product Trays?
Moulding trays to fit specific items to support them in transit. Think of fruit trays in a supermarket, or foam for a laptop
Layer pads/ trays are the same materials but plane in nature and intended to separate units.
What packaging regulations exist?
EU - EU Packaging and Packaging waste Directive requires each member state to enact laws
International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) regs:
18601 - Generally requirement of the use of ISO in the field of packaging and the environment - explains procedures for using various ISO in this field to organisaton. Introduces the top of using packaging in a sustainable manor, why the origanisation needs to tackle it etc.
18602 - Optimising the packaging system - covers concept of optimum package usage for weighing up right level to protect goods in transit vs challenging organisation to use just enough to reduce environmental impact
18603 - reuse
18604 - material recycling
18605 - energy recovery from burning waste to create energy e.g. steam electric generators
18606 - organic recycling using packing for compost etc
What is Warehouse Management System (WMS) software?
Umbrella phrase used to describe a wide range of system available in warehouses. It involves the use of technology and system to drive automated processes in warehouses and their connectivity (IoT).
Examples:
RFID tags Bar codes Hand held devices Smart glasses AGV Automated guided vehicles and so on
What is a Good Receipt Note (GRN)
Electronic entry into a system that confirm goods or services have been received
