Chapter 1 Flashcards
When and Where Did Psychology Begin as a Natural Science?
1879
The University of Leipzig Germany
What is Structuralism
Structuralism involves trying to break apart and study the pieces of consciousness, like sensations and perception, into their elements and parts
They used introspection, which involves one describing his or her own subjective experience. (not standardized or objective)
Who is associated with Structuralism?
Wilhelm Wundt
What is Functionalism?
Functionalism involves trying to understand how consciousness works and functions (how it has evolved) in terms of consciousness, memory, habits, etc.
Who is associated with Functionalism
William James
What area of psychology is Freud associated with?
Psychoanalysis
What is Behaviorism
The study of psychology through empirical science and physical behavior as a way to measure.
Who wrote “ Psychology as the Behavioralist views it “
John Watson
Who proposed that humans have basic needs then progress towards higher needs and motivations?
Abraham Maslow
This perspective says that we perceive whole forms
Gestalt Psychology
Carl Rogers proposed that all of the following are essential to help his clients grow
Empathy
Unconditional Positive Regard
Genuineness/Congruence
In the late 1800s, the focus of psychological study was
Conciousness
“Empirical” emphasizes knowledge from
Sensory Observation
Who Wrote “ The Principals of Psychology”
William James
It is generally believed that the first psychological experiment took place in the year
1879
Who proposed that psychology needs to focus only on observable behavior?
John B. Watson
Who conducted the first psychological experiment?
Wilhelm Wundt
True or False: Full moons affect human behavior.
False
True or False: Drug Abuse Resistance Education (D.A.R.E) has effectively decreased drug abuse
False
What is inductive reasoning?
Making observations in order to form hypotheses ( ground up)
Most psychological research just demonstrates things that are obvious
False
Which approach to psychological research is the least likely to generalize and apply to others?
Case Studies
Which of the following is NOT a synonym for correlation?
Tied
Related
Effected
Associated
Effected
Why are shark bites and crime both correlated with ice cream consumption?
Third variable - warm weather
The independent variable is set up as the
Cause/change
What is the name of the region that connects the two brain hemispheres?
Corpus Callosum
The amygdala has to do with
Anger and Fear
The prefrontal cortex has to do with all of the following except
Empathy
Rage
Impulse Control
Morality
Rage
The neurotransmitter associated with reward and pleasure is
Dopamine
Serotonin has to do with all of the following EXCEPT:
Muscle Contraction
Mood
Hunger
Memory
Muscle Contraction
What brain imaging has been revolutionary for studying thinking?
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ( FMRI)
True or false:
Younger adults sleep more than older adults
TRUE
What hormone creates the feeling of sleepiness
Melatonin
The two dimensions to map and graph different states of consciousness like coma, dreaming, etc. are?
Awareness and Wakefulness
Condition, where an Infant stops breathing during sleep and dies, is called..
SIDS
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
