Chapter 1

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

The study of the structure of the body parts and human body.

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

The study of the function of the body (how the body pats work and carry out their life-sustaining activities.)

Question 3

Cytology

Answer 3

The study of the cells in the body

Question 4

Histology

Answer 4

The study of tissues

Question 5

Levels of Structural Organization

Answer 5

1 Chemical

2 Celular

3 Tissue

4 Organ

5 Organ system

6 Organismal

Question 6

Digestive System

Answer 6

A system that takes the nutrients, breaks them down, and eliminates unabsorbed matter (feces)

Question 7

Respitory System

Answer 7

A system that takes in ocygen and eliminates carbon dioxide

Question 8

Responsiveness/ Excitablility

Answer 8

The ablity to sense changes(which serve as stimuli) in the environment and then respond to them

Question 9

Metabolism

Answer 9

“a state of change”

Question 10

Integumentary System

Answer 10

Forms the exernal body covering, and protects deeper tissues rom inhury. Synthesizes vitamin D, and houses cutaneous (pain, pressure, etc.) receptors and sweat and oil glands

Question 11

Skeletal System

Answer 11

Protects and supports body organs and provies a framework the muscles use to cause movement. Blood cells are formed within bones. Bones store minerals.

Question 12

Muscular System

Answer 12

Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expression. Maintains posture, and produces heat

Question 13

Lymphatic Sytstem

Answer 13

Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood. Disposes of debris in the lumphatic stream. Houses white blood cells (lymphocytes) incolved in immunity. The immune response mounts the attack against foreign substances within the body.

Question 14

Respiratory System

Answer 14

Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide. The gaseous exchanges occur throug the walls of the air sacs of the lungs

Question 15

Digestive Sustem

Answer 15

Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells. Indegestible foodstruffs are eliminated as feces

Question 16

Nervous System

Answer 16

As the fast-acting control system of the body, it responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands

Question 17

Endocrin System

Answer 17

Glands serete hormones that regulate processes such as growthk reproductionk and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells.

Question 18

Cardiovascular System

Answer 18

Blood vessels transport blood, wcich carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, etc. The hear pumps blood.

Question 19

Urinary System

Answer 19

Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body. Regulates water, electrolyte and acid-based balance of the blood.

Question 20

Male/ Female Reproductive System

Answer 20

Overall fuction is producing offspring. Testes produce sperm and male sex hormone. and male ducts and glands aid in delivery of sperm to the female reproductive tract. Ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones. the remaining female structures serve as sites for fertilization and development of the fetus. mammary glands of the female breasts produce milk to nourish the newborn.

Question 21

Homeostatic Control

Answer 21

Has three components that work together to balance out the body:

Receptor: Stimuli (sensor) that sends information and monitors the envirnment and changes.

Control Center: Determines the set, which is the level or reange at which a varianble is to be maintained.

Effector: Provides a means for the control centers response (output) to the stimulus. -> effect it either in reducing it (in negative feedback) or producing (in positive feedback)

Question 22

Positive Feedback Loop

Answer 22

Regulates formation of a platelet plug

Question 23

Superior (Cranial)

Answer 23

Toward the head end or upper part of a structure of the body; above

Question 24

Inferior (Caudel)

Answer 24

Away from the head at end or toward the lower part of a structure; bleow

Question 25

Ventral (Anterior)

Answer 25

Toward or at the front of the body; in front of

Question 26

Dorsal (Posterier)

Answer 26

Toward or at the back of the body; behind

Question 27

Medial

Answer 27

Toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of

Question 28

Lateral

Answer 28

Away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of

<——| |——>

Question 29

Intermediate

Answer 29

Between a more medial and a more lateral structure

( )

—–>|<– –>|<—–

(the callarbon is intermediate btween the breast bone and the shoulder.

Question 30

Proximal

Answer 30

Closer to the origin of the body part of the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.

Question 31

Distal

Answer 31

Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Question 32

Superficial (External)

Answer 32

Toward or at the body surface

Question 33

Deep (Internal)

Answer 33

Away from the body surface

Question 34

Cephalic

Answer 34

Frontal

Orbital

Nasal

Oral

Mental

Question 35

Cervical

Answer 35

Cirvical(neck)

Question 36

Thoracic

Answer 36

Sternal (middle of chest)

Axillary (under armpit; latteral to nipple)

Mammary (bicep+ribcage)

Question 37

Abdominal

Answer 37

Umbilic(underneath ribs to the top of the pelvic area)

Question 38

Pelvic

Answer 38

Pelvic

Inguinal(groin)

Question 39

Pubic

Answer 39

Genitilia

Question 40

Upper Limb

Answer 40

Accromial (top of shoulder)

Brachial (bottom of accromial to bottom of bicep/tricep)

Antecubital (between bicep and forearm)

Antebrachial (forearm)

Carpal (wrist)

Question 41

Upper Limb