Chapter 1 Flashcards
(41 cards)
Anatomy
The study of the structure of the body parts and human body.
Physiology
The study of the function of the body (how the body pats work and carry out their life-sustaining activities.)
Cytology
The study of the cells in the body
Histology
The study of tissues
Levels of Structural Organization
1 Chemical
2 Celular
3 Tissue
4 Organ
5 Organ system
6 Organismal
Digestive System
A system that takes the nutrients, breaks them down, and eliminates unabsorbed matter (feces)
Respitory System
A system that takes in ocygen and eliminates carbon dioxide
Responsiveness/ Excitablility
The ablity to sense changes(which serve as stimuli) in the environment and then respond to them
Metabolism
“a state of change”
Integumentary System
Forms the exernal body covering, and protects deeper tissues rom inhury. Synthesizes vitamin D, and houses cutaneous (pain, pressure, etc.) receptors and sweat and oil glands
Skeletal System
Protects and supports body organs and provies a framework the muscles use to cause movement. Blood cells are formed within bones. Bones store minerals.
Muscular System
Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expression. Maintains posture, and produces heat
Lymphatic Sytstem
Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood. Disposes of debris in the lumphatic stream. Houses white blood cells (lymphocytes) incolved in immunity. The immune response mounts the attack against foreign substances within the body.
Respiratory System
Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide. The gaseous exchanges occur throug the walls of the air sacs of the lungs
Digestive Sustem
Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells. Indegestible foodstruffs are eliminated as feces
Nervous System
As the fast-acting control system of the body, it responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands
Endocrin System
Glands serete hormones that regulate processes such as growthk reproductionk and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells.
Cardiovascular System
Blood vessels transport blood, wcich carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, etc. The hear pumps blood.
Urinary System
Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body. Regulates water, electrolyte and acid-based balance of the blood.
Male/ Female Reproductive System
Overall fuction is producing offspring. Testes produce sperm and male sex hormone. and male ducts and glands aid in delivery of sperm to the female reproductive tract. Ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones. the remaining female structures serve as sites for fertilization and development of the fetus. mammary glands of the female breasts produce milk to nourish the newborn.
Homeostatic Control
Has three components that work together to balance out the body:
Receptor: Stimuli (sensor) that sends information and monitors the envirnment and changes.
Control Center: Determines the set, which is the level or reange at which a varianble is to be maintained.
Effector: Provides a means for the control centers response (output) to the stimulus. -> effect it either in reducing it (in negative feedback) or producing (in positive feedback)
Positive Feedback Loop
Regulates formation of a platelet plug
Superior (Cranial)
Toward the head end or upper part of a structure of the body; above
Inferior (Caudel)
Away from the head at end or toward the lower part of a structure; bleow
