Chapter 1

Question 1

government

Answer 1

The institutions and processes through which public policies are made for a society.

Question 2

public goods

Answer 2

Goods, such as clean air and clean water, that everyone must share.

Question 3

politics

Answer 3

The process by which we select our government leaders and what policies these leaders pursue. Politics produces authoritative decisions about public issues.

Question 4

political participation

Answer 4

All the activities used by citizens to influence the selection of political leaders or the policies they pursue. The most common, but not the only, means of political participation in democracy is voting. Other means are protest and civil disobendience.

Question 5

sinngle-issue groups

Answer 5

Groups that have a narrow interest, tend to dislike compromise, and often draw membership form people new to politics. These features distinguish them from traditional interest groups.

Question 6

policymaking system

Answer 6

The process by which political problems are communicated by the voters and acted upon by government policymakers. The policymaking system begins with people’s needs and expectations for governmental action. When people confront government officials with problems that they want solved, they are trying to influence the government’s policy agenda.

Question 7

linkage institutions

Answer 7

The channels or access points through which issues and people’s policy preferences get on the government’s policy agenda. In the United States, elections, political parties, interest groups, and the mass media are the three main linkage institutions.

Question 8

policy agenda

Answer 8

The issues that attract the serious attention of public officials and other people actually incolved in politics at any given point in time.

Question 9

political issue

Answer 9

An issue that arises when people disagree about a problem and a public policy choice.

Question 10

policymaking institutions

Answer 10

The branches of government charged with taking action on political issues. The U.S. Constitution established three policymaking institution–the Congress, the presidency, and the courts. Today, the power of the bureaucracy is so great that most politcal scientists consider it a fourth policy making institution.

Question 11

public policy

Answer 11

A choice that government makes in response to a political issue. A policy is a course of action taken with regard to some problem.

Question 12

democracy

Answer 12

A system of selecting policymakers and of organizing government so that policy represents and responds to the public’s preferences.

Question 13

majority rule

Answer 13

A fundamental principle of traditional democratic theory. In a democracy, choosing among alternatives requires that the majorty’s desire be respected.

Question 14

minority rights

Answer 14

A principle of traditional democratic theory tat gaurantees rights to those who do not belong to majorities and allows that they might join majorities through persuasion and reasoned argument.

Question 15

representation

Answer 15

A basic principle of traditional democratic theory that describes the relationship between the few leaders and the many followers.

Question 16

pluralist theory

Answer 16

A theory of governent and politics emphasizing that politics is mainly a competition among groups, each one pressing for its own preferred policies. Compare to elite and class theory, hyperpluralism, and traditional democratic theory.

Question 17

elite and class theory

Answer 17

A theory of government and politics contending that societies are divided along class lines and that an upper-class elite will rule, regardless of the formal niceties of governmental organization.

Question 18

hyperpluralism

Answer 18

A theory of government and politics contending that groups are so strong that government is weakend. Hyperpluralism is an extreme, exaggerated, or perverted form of pluralism.

Question 19

policy gridlock

Answer 19

A condition that occurs when no coalition is strong enough to form a majority and establish policy. The result is that nothing may get done.

Question 20

gross domestic product

Answer 20

The sum total of the value of all the goods and services produced in a nation.

Question 21

individualism

Answer 21

The belief that individuals should be left on their own by the government. One of the primary reasons for the comparatively small scope of American government is the prominene of this belief in American political thought and practice.