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Language Acquisition > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Communication

A

The process of information exchange

The process of exchanging information through a speakr’s ideas, thoughts, feelings, needs and desires

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2
Q

Speech

A

The production of sound

The verbal means of communicating through articulation

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3
Q

Language

A

Meaning conveyed by words, sentences and longer utterances

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4
Q

Morphology

A

The way that words and smaller units can be combined to form other words (go + ing= going)

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5
Q

Phonology

A

The way that sounds are combined to form words ( c + a + t = cat)

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6
Q

Syntax

A

The word combination used to expressed meaning in sentence structures ( I + see+ a+ bird)

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7
Q

Semantics

A

The way words correspond to things and events in the world and how language reflects a speakers intent or feeling

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8
Q

Encodes

A

The information transmitted by the sender

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9
Q

Decodes

A

The comprehension and the understanding of the information by the receiver

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10
Q

Municative competence

A

The ability to communicate a message successfully and to understand the concept being communicated

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11
Q

Linguistic competence

A

mastery of the grammatical rules of a language language

The ability to create accurate sentences in a language

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12
Q

Receptive language

A

The ability to understand others

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13
Q

Expressive language

A

The ability to express and share thoughts, ideas and feelings

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14
Q

Prosody

A

A communicative tool that involves duration (lenght), intensity (loudness) and frequency (pitch) when producing words or longer utterance

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15
Q

Paralinguistics cues

A

They accompany spoken langague and often help the listener better understand a speaker’s meaning

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16
Q

The larynx

A

A muscular organ that contains the vocal cords and folds

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17
Q

How are the vocal cords stimulated

A

By respiration

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18
Q

Phonemes

A

Smallest units of sound that create difference in meaning

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19
Q

Rhotic Diphthongs

A

Phonemes that are a combination of a vowel

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20
Q

Orthography

A

Describes the symbols or alphabet latters (graphemes)

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21
Q

Grapheme

A

is the smallest functional unit of a writing system.

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22
Q

How are voiced sound produce?

A

When the vocal folds are adducted

When the vocal folds are brought together

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23
Q

Adducted

A

Vocal folds closed

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24
Q

Abducted

A

Vocal folds open

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25
Q

How are unvoiced sound produced?

A

When the vocal folds are abduted (open)

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26
Q

How are consonant sound produced ? Non nasal

A

Are produced with the velum raised so the air exits the mouth or oral cavity

27
Q

How are nasal consonant produced?

A

With the airstream exiting through the nose

28
Q

Phonological processes

A

Describe children’s early production of words

29
Q

Perception

A

Auditory interpretation

30
Q

Genetive

A

Used to describe the nature of language

31
Q

Grammar

A

Description of a language with the respect to its components

32
Q

What are the components of language

A

Form, content, and use

33
Q

Components of a basic syntactic structure

A

Noun phrase and verb phrase

34
Q

Main verb

A

Describe an action

35
Q

Auxiliary verb

A

Provides information that clarifies meaning

36
Q

Modal auxiliary verbs

A

Express mood

37
Q

Prepositional pharases

A

Indicate place

38
Q

When do children start to produce words

A

Single word hy 12 months and combination of words by 18 months

39
Q

syntatic development

A

When children produce sentences with increased lenght and complexity

40
Q

Free morphemes

A

Those that have meaning by themselves

41
Q

Bound morphemes

A

Occur only in combination with free morphemes

42
Q

Inflectional merphemes

A

Modify verb tense or indicate noun numbers

43
Q

Deribational morphemes

A

Involve a prefix or suffix

44
Q

Grammatical morphemes

A

are those bits of linguistic sound which mark the grammatical categories of language (Tense, Number, Gender, Aspect),

Consist of conjunctions, articles and preposition

45
Q

Conceptual knowledge

A

What a child knows and undestands about ideas, entities and actions

Conceptual Knowledge refers to the knowledge of, or understanding of concepts, principles, theories, models, classifications, etc.

46
Q

Overextension

A

Young children use the perceptual characteristis of entities to extend the meaning beyong that entity

47
Q

Underextantion

A

Children may have Limited representation of an entity or a thing and viewing a word to have a very restricted meaning.

48
Q

Pragmatics

A

Appropriate use of languague in social interaction, along with rules govern interaction with others

49
Q

Pragmatic language rules

A

The effective and appropriate use of language to acomplish social goals, manage turns and topic in conversation

50
Q

Theory of mind (TOM)

A

Allows to understand others internal thoughts and emotions

51
Q

Speech act

A

Labels a speaker’s intent or meaning when she or he produces a sentance in social interaction

52
Q

When do children start using modal auxiliaries verbs?

A

5

53
Q

Cognition

A

Is a mental mechanism that allows a child to achieve cognitive skills

54
Q

Attention

A

The ability to focus on the essential factor in a specific context or task, along with the ability ti ignore distractions and irrelevant information

55
Q

Working memory

A

The ability to store information encountered in a current experience

56
Q

Social cognition

A

Is a cognitive process that allows children to recognize and understand social signals.
Allows us to determine what information is already known by the listener, what i formation is needed, and what possible misundertanding may occur.
It allows to see things from others point of view

57
Q

Executive funtion

A

The cognition abilities used to control and to coordinate information for planning goals, controlling responses, shifting between tasks and keeping information in the mind to guide future actions

58
Q

Metacognition

A

Consist on a child’s self-knowledge of his or her own language and thought process. It refers to the metal process used to plan, monitor and analyze one’s thinking and behavior

59
Q

Metalingusitics abilities

A

Involve the ability to think overtly about language, manupulate the structural featured of language at the phoneme, word or sentence level

60
Q

Verbal reasoning

A

Consist of the ability to make inferences about new experiences, tranfer what has been learned across different experiences and relevant information when making comparisons

61
Q

Analogical reasoning

A

Allows children to notice conrrespondeces and make inferences about similar facts or experiences across contexts

62
Q

Dialect

A

Is a variation of a particular language that is distinguished by phonology, grammar or vocabulary

63
Q

communicative competence

A

How use our knowledge of language in communication

64
Q

Semantic knowledge

A

is the knowledge that one gets from life’s experience. This knowledge is not tied down to a specific concept. In simple words, just knowledge in general.

Language Acquisition (2 decks)

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