Chapter 1 Flashcards
Statistics
The science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing, and interpreting data to assist in making effective decisions.
Descriptive Statistics
Methods of organizing, summarizing, and presenting data in an informative way.
Inferential Statistics
The methods used to estimate a property of a population on the basis of a sample.
Inferential Statics is also called
Statistical inference
Population
The entire set of individuals or objects of interest or the measurements obtained from all individuals or objects of interest.
Sample
A portion, or part of the population of interest.
When the characteristic being studied is nonnumeric, it is called a ___________ variable
Qualitative
(or an attribute)
When the variable studied can be reported numerically, the variable is called a __________ variable
quantitative
Quantitative variables are either ________ or ___________.
discrete or continuous.
This type of variable can only assume certain values and there are “gaps” between the values.
Discrete Variables
This type of variable can assume any value within a specific range.
Continuous variables
What are the 4 levels of measurement in order of lowest to highest?
Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, Ratio
Which level of measurement only consists of “counts”?
Nominal-Level Data
What are Nominal-level data’s two properties?
- The variable of interest is divided into categories or outcomes.
- There is no natural order to the outcomes.
Which level of measurement has ordered levels but the difference between levels is not necessarily the same?
Ordinal-Level Data
What are Ordinal-level data’s two properties?
- Data classificactions are represented by sets of labels or names (high, medium, low) that have relative values.
- Because of the relative values, the data classified can be ranked or ordered.
What are Interval-level data’s two properties?
- Data classifications are ordered according to the amount of the charasteric they posess.
- Equal differences in the characteristic are represented by equal differences in the measurements.
Which level of measurement has all the characteristics of Ordinal-Level data, but, in addition, the difference between values is a constant size?
Interval-Level Data
If the distances between the numbers make sense, but the ratios do not, then you have an _______-level scale of measurement
Interval
What are Ratio-Level’s three properties?
- Data classifications are ordered according to the amount of the characteristics they posess.
- Equal differences in the characteristic are represented by equal differences in the numbers assigned to the classifications.
- The zero point is the absense of the characteristic and the ratio between two numbers is meaningful.
Examples of ______-level scale of measurement are weight, prices, distance, and height.
Ratio
Examples of ______-level scale of measurement are temperature and dress size.
Interval
Examples of ______-level scale of measurement are your rank in class, and sports team standings in a leauge.
Ordinal
Examples of ______-level scale of measurement are Jersey numbers and Car Makes and Models
Nominal
