Chapter 1

Question 1

List the 5 categories of microorganisms

Answer 1

• Bacteria
• Fungi
• Protozoa
• Algae
• Virus

Question 2

State the 6 characteristics of microorganisms

Answer 2

• Metabolism
• Reproduction
• Differentiation
• Communication
• Movement
• Evolution

Question 3

How do microorganisms undergo metabolism?

Answer 3

Uptake of chemical substance from the environment and transforming them within the cell.
Waste products are eliminated from the cell.

Question 4

What does it mean when micoorganisms undergo differentiation?

Answer 4

Formation of new structures

Question 5

How do micoorganisms communicate?

Answer 5

Cells communicate/ interact with one another primarily by means of diffusible chemicals
released or taken up.

Question 6

What characteristic does this show?
1)Cells have the ability to respond to a stimuli by moving toward an attractant or away from a
repellant.
2) Cells evolve to display new biological properties.

Answer 6

Movement

Evolution

Question 7

Give 2 examples of bacteria

Answer 7

Escherichia coli and Streptococci

Question 8

Give 2 examples of fungi

Answer 8

Mould and yeast

Question 9

Give 2 examples of protozoa

Answer 9

Paramecium and Euglena

Question 10

Give 2 examples of virus

Answer 10

Sars and norovirus

Question 11

Give 2 examples of Algae

Answer 11

Spirogyra and Diatoms

Question 12

State the 5 kingdoms

Answer 12

• Prokaryotae or Monera
• Prostista
• Fungi
• Plantae
• Animalia

Question 13

State the 3 domains

Answer 13

• Prokaryotes are divided into 2 domains
– Bacteria or Eubacteria
–Archaea
• All eukaryotes in third domain

Question 14

List the correct order of taxonomic hierachy

Answer 14

• kingdom
• phylum
• class
• order
• family
• genus
• species

Question 15

Phylogentic heirachy

Answer 15

Phylogenetics is a method for determining the relationships of organisms by comparing
the ancestors and descendants.

Question 16

Numerical Taxonomy

Answer 16

Based on calculating the percentage of characteristics that two groups have in common

Question 17

Molecular Taxonomy

Answer 17

-Comparing DNA or RNA base sequences
–Comparing amino acid composition of a specifc protein or a group of proteins in different
organisms

Question 18

State the common shape that occurs among bacteria

Answer 18

• Bacillus and cocci

Question 19

What method does bacteria reproduce

Answer 19

Binary Fission

Question 20

Why are bacteria Prokaryotes and not Eukaryotic?

Answer 20

They have no nuclear membrane and no organelles except ribosomes

Question 21

State the kingdom that bacteria belongs to

Answer 21

Monera

Question 22

Bacteria includes ______ and ______.

Answer 22

Eubacteria and Archea

Question 23

Describe the structure of bacteria

Answer 23

• Small and unicellular

Question 24

Are fungi eukaryotic or prokaryote?

Answer 24

Eukaryotic

Question 25

State the kingdom that fungi belongs to

Answer 25

Fungi

Question 26

How do fungi obtain food

Answer 26

Fungi obtain food from other organisms by expressing digestive enzymes to break down complex nutrients from living and
dead organic matter into simpler forms (eg sugars), then absorb the nutrients through its cell wall

Question 27

State the 3 differences between yeast and mould

Answer 27

Mould are multicellular, filamentous and they reproduce by spores (sexual or asexual)
Yeast are unicellular. Yeast reproduce asexually by budding. Some yeast produce sexual spores.

Question 28

How do fungi reproduce?

Answer 28

Mould reproduce by spores (sexual or asexual)
Yeast reproduce by budding (asexual)
Some yeast produce sexual spores

Question 29

Are algae prokaryotes or eukaryotes?

Answer 29

Eukaryotic

Question 30

State the kingdom that algae belongs to

Answer 30

Protista

Question 31

Algae are photosynthetic organisms while some are heterotrophic organisms. Define photosynthetic and heterotrophic.

Answer 31

Algae derives energy from sunlight.

Some Algae requires organic substrates for growth and development.

Question 32

Describe the structure of Protozoa

Answer 32

Eukaryotic
Unicellular
Lack cell wall

Question 33

State the kingdom that Protozoa belong to

Answer 33

Protista

Question 34

Some Protozoa contains 2 nuclei called _______ and _______. State the functions of each of the nuclei

Answer 34

Macronucleus -

Micronucleus -

Question 35

How do protozoa obtain food?

Answer 35

Obtain nutrients by phagocytizing bacteria, decaying organic matter, other
protozoa, or the tissues of host.
Few obtain nutrients from surrounding water.

Question 36

How do protozoa reproduce?

Answer 36

Asexual ( Binary Fission)

Sexual ( Conjugation)

Question 37

What is function of the cyst formed by Protozoa?

Answer 37

• Protect against adverse changes in the environment
• Function as sites for nuclear reorganization and cell division
• Serve as a means of transfer from one host to another for parasitic species

Question 38

State the function of the Pseudopodia

Answer 38

for motility and ingesting nutrients or other particulate matter.

Question 39

Locomotion in protozoa is achieved by the presence of _______ , ________ and ________.

Answer 39

Pseudopodia, Cilla and Flagella

Question 40

State the function of Flagella

Answer 40

Propel cell through liquid environments

Question 41

How do viruses reproduce?

Answer 41

Cellular machinery of host

Question 42

The core of virus particle is made of either ___ or ___?

Answer 42

RNA or DNA

Question 43

Viruses can be seen under an electron microscope as they are typically _____.

Answer 43

Submicroscopic

Question 44

Viruses are ______ ______.

Answer 44

Acellular parasites