Chapter 1 Flashcards
List the 5 categories of microorganisms
- Bacteria
- Fungi
- Protozoa
- Algae
- Virus
State the 6 characteristics of microorganisms
- Metabolism
- Reproduction
- Differentiation
- Communication
- Movement
- Evolution
How do microorganisms undergo metabolism?
Uptake of chemical substance from the environment and transforming them within the cell.
Waste products are eliminated from the cell.
What does it mean when micoorganisms undergo differentiation?
Formation of new structures
How do micoorganisms communicate?
Cells communicate/ interact with one another primarily by means of diffusible chemicals
released or taken up.
What characteristic does this show?
1)Cells have the ability to respond to a stimuli by moving toward an attractant or away from a
repellant.
2) Cells evolve to display new biological properties.
Movement
Evolution
Give 2 examples of bacteria
Escherichia coli and Streptococci
Give 2 examples of fungi
Mould and yeast
Give 2 examples of protozoa
Paramecium and Euglena
Give 2 examples of virus
Sars and norovirus
Give 2 examples of Algae
Spirogyra and Diatoms
State the 5 kingdoms
- Prokaryotae or Monera
- Prostista
- Fungi
- Plantae
- Animalia
State the 3 domains
• Prokaryotes are divided into 2 domains
– Bacteria or Eubacteria
–Archaea
• All eukaryotes in third domain
List the correct order of taxonomic hierachy
- kingdom
- phylum
- class
- order
- family
- genus
- species
Phylogentic heirachy
Phylogenetics is a method for determining the relationships of organisms by comparing
the ancestors and descendants.
Numerical Taxonomy
Based on calculating the percentage of characteristics that two groups have in common
Molecular Taxonomy
-Comparing DNA or RNA base sequences
–Comparing amino acid composition of a specifc protein or a group of proteins in different
organisms
State the common shape that occurs among bacteria
- Bacillus and cocci
What method does bacteria reproduce
Binary Fission
Why are bacteria Prokaryotes and not Eukaryotic?
They have no nuclear membrane and no organelles except ribosomes
State the kingdom that bacteria belongs to
Monera
Bacteria includes ______ and ______.
Eubacteria and Archea
Describe the structure of bacteria
- Small and unicellular
Are fungi eukaryotic or prokaryote?
Eukaryotic
State the kingdom that fungi belongs to
Fungi
How do fungi obtain food
Fungi obtain food from other organisms by expressing digestive enzymes to break down complex nutrients from living and
dead organic matter into simpler forms (eg sugars), then absorb the nutrients through its cell wall
State the 3 differences between yeast and mould
Mould are multicellular, filamentous and they reproduce by spores (sexual or asexual)
Yeast are unicellular. Yeast reproduce asexually by budding. Some yeast produce sexual spores.
How do fungi reproduce?
Mould reproduce by spores (sexual or asexual)
Yeast reproduce by budding (asexual)
Some yeast produce sexual spores
Are algae prokaryotes or eukaryotes?
Eukaryotic
State the kingdom that algae belongs to
Protista
Algae are photosynthetic organisms while some are heterotrophic organisms. Define photosynthetic and heterotrophic.
Algae derives energy from sunlight.
Some Algae requires organic substrates for growth and development.
Describe the structure of Protozoa
Eukaryotic
Unicellular
Lack cell wall
State the kingdom that Protozoa belong to
Protista
Some Protozoa contains 2 nuclei called _______ and _______. State the functions of each of the nuclei
Macronucleus -
Micronucleus -
How do protozoa obtain food?
Obtain nutrients by phagocytizing bacteria, decaying organic matter, other
protozoa, or the tissues of host.
Few obtain nutrients from surrounding water.
How do protozoa reproduce?
Asexual ( Binary Fission)
Sexual ( Conjugation)
What is function of the cyst formed by Protozoa?
- Protect against adverse changes in the environment
- Function as sites for nuclear reorganization and cell division
- Serve as a means of transfer from one host to another for parasitic species
State the function of the Pseudopodia
for motility and ingesting nutrients or other particulate matter.
Locomotion in protozoa is achieved by the presence of _______ , ________ and ________.
Pseudopodia, Cilla and Flagella
State the function of Flagella
Propel cell through liquid environments
How do viruses reproduce?
Cellular machinery of host
The core of virus particle is made of either ___ or ___?
RNA or DNA
Viruses can be seen under an electron microscope as they are typically _____.
Submicroscopic
Viruses are ______ ______.
Acellular parasites
