Chapter 1 Flashcards
Dualism
The view that mind and body are fundamentally different things
Materialism
The view that all mental phenomena are reducible to physical phenomena
Realism
The view that perceptions of the physical world are produced entirely by the sensory organs
Idealism
The view that perceptions of the physical world are the brain’s interpretation of the sensory organs
Empiricism
The view that all knowledge is acquired through experience
Nativism
The view that some knowledge is innate rather than acquired
Structuralism
An approach to psychology that attempted to isolate and analyze the mind’s basic elements
Introspection
The analysis of subjective experience by trained observers
Functionalism
An approach to psychology that emphasized the adaptive significances of mental processes
Psychoanalytic theory
A general theory that emphasizes the influence of the unconscious on feelings, thoughts and behaviours
Psychoanalysis
A therapy that aims to give people insight into the contents of their unconscious mind
Behaviourism
An approach to psychology that restricts scientific inquiry to observable behaviour
Principle of reinforcement
A principle stating that any behaviour that is rewarded will be repeated and any behaviour that isn’t rewarded will not be repeated
Gestalt
An approach to psychology that emphasizes the way in which the mind creates perceptual evidence
Developmental
The study of the ways in which psychological phenomena changes over the life span
