CHAPTER 1 Flashcards
Initially, how was nursing skills passed down ?
nursing initially was not taught or used in practice or education. Nursing was passed down mainly through skills and tasks
What was a major goal in nursing in the 20th century ?
nursing leaders in the 20th century for the development of nursing knowledge o which to base nursing practice, improve quality of care, and gain recognition of nursing as a profession
Who is florence Nightingale ? what did she do ?
• nightingale envisioned nursing as being a body of women who were neither educated or employed public service – the school of nursing in St. Thomas in London was the first one to be opened and it pioneered nursing activities, practice, and education – her writings became a guide in hospitals and nursing schools in the united states in the beginning of the 20th century – nightingale in the mid 1800s stated that nursing knowledge is different from medical knowledge – in the 1950s this was finally put into practice, where nursing was viewed as a science before that nursing knowledge was passed down through apprenticeship type of knowledge – nursing has strong emphasis on practice which slowly transitioned to nursing as a profession
The Curriculum era
(what content nurses should study to learn how to be a nurse?) The era emphasized what courses nurses should take and it was during this era where nursing education transition from hospital based diploma programs to into colleges and universities – this era emphasized course selection and gave a way to the research era
The Research Emphasis Era
Nurses began to be involved with research ad research courses were included in the curricula – however there was an awareness that nurses needed concept and theory development this awareness lead to the milestones in nursing which is the standardization of nursing curricula for masters degree and that doctoral education should be available for nurses as well
The Graduate Education Era
Many masters programs developed in nursing in which introduced nurses to the research process – these courses in the programs introduced students to nursing theorists and knowledge development processes
The Theory Era
It was an outgrowth of research and graduation era – it was realized that that both research and theory were required to produce nursing science – doctoral education in nursing began to develop with strong emphasis on theory development and testing – in the 1980s Fawcett introduced the four nursing concepts ( PERSON, ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH AND NURSING) - this greatly facilitated the growth of nursing science - At the end of the 20th century the emphasis shifted from learning about the theorists to using the theoretical works to generate research questions, guide practice, and organize curricula
The Theory Utilization Era
Theory utilization era shifted to theory application in nursing practice, education, research and administration
Discipline vs. Profession
DISCIPLINE is specific to academia and refers to a branch of education, a department of learning, or a domain of knowledge (specific education in nursing, discipline specific language, theories and philosphies, caring humanity equal health for all, the whole person, global health) - the nursing profession needs disciplinary foundation for knowledge and pratice in order to flourish and succeed
PROFESSION refers to a specialized field of practice founded on the theoretical structure of the science or knowledge of that discipline and accompanying practice abilities (Advanced educational requirements & complex scope of practice, Higher education, Autonomy of practice, established code of ethics, level of knowledge, common culture & values) - nursing as a profession has a clear education pathway, autonomy of practice (CNO), established code of ethics, level of knowledge, common culture & values)
What are the factors that influence Nursing ?
- Moral Thinking
- Spiritual beliefs
- Individual values
- Social Need
- Social Status of Women
- Religious practices
- Cultural Norms
- Political Factors
