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LPI Linux Essentials > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a distribution?

A

Collection of components that form a system

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2
Q

Which command in Linux tells us a distribution?

A

lsb_release -a

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3
Q

What’s hardware?

A

Physical device being used as a compute resource

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4
Q

What’s a Linux Kernel?

A

FOSS OS kernel. The kernel is the framework that connects the application layer to the hardware of a computer

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5
Q

How is hardware incorporated into the file hierarchy?

A

Through the /dev and /sys directories?

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6
Q

Where in the file directory is process information located?

A

In /sys

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7
Q

What is the command for the operating system release?

A

uname -r

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8
Q

Define GNU Core Utilities

A

The basic file, shell, and text manipulation utilities of the GNU OS. These are the foundational utilities expected to exist on every OS

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9
Q

What’s the X Server? Does it depend on the framework?

A

X Server is the display server for the X windows system; a framework for the GUI environment

X is an architecture agnostic framework for remote graphical user interfaces and input devices. The X server itself was designed to be used over network connections.

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10
Q

What’s a GUI?

A

Graphical User Interface, or the Desktop environment

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11
Q

What’s an embedded system?

A

It’s a combination of hardware and software for a purpose

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12
Q

Cloud is…

A

Software and services that run and are available on the internet. It’s a collection of data centers providing compute, application, and storage services over the internet.

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13
Q

What’s a cloud region?

A

Each location where cloud is hosted.

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14
Q

What are cloud availability zones?

A

These are data centers that comprise a region. Availability zones are typically connected to each other through low-latency connections. This provides more local level of fault tolerance and stability as data may be stored in multiple centers within the region.

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15
Q

What is a subnet?

A

A subnet is a local network instance for the compute resource in the cloud. There may be multiple computer instances, or virtual servers, replicated into additional availability zones in additional regions.

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16
Q

What does the last command do?

A

Last command shows us the last time we logged into the system + who the user was

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17
Q

Which command tells us how long the machine has been up?

A

uptime

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18
Q

Which command includes directory entries whose names begin with a dot?

A

ls -a

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19
Q

Which app is an office suite developed by the Apache software foundation and is free to use for any purpose? What is its alternative?

A

OpenOffice; Libre office

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20
Q

What’s a server? What’s a simplest example of that?

A

It’s an open-source application that provides client services. Simplest example is a web server

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21
Q

What is an apache HTTP server? What does it permit?

A

It’s a highly popular, free, and open-source web server service application.

It permits web content to be served by the host and may use compiled modules to extend the core functionality of the service

22
Q

What does Apache host do?

A

It is listening for connections. When it receives those connections, that are usually from a web browser, it serves the content to a web browser.

23
Q

What is an NGINX?

A

NGINX is a web server that can also be used for reverse proxy, load balancing, mail proxy, and HTTP caching
Proxy means that the server can “proxy” [to do] requests for something else

24
Q

What is mySQL?

A

It’s an open-source relational DB management system.

25
Q

What is a lamp stack and what is it used for?

A

The stack of Linux, Apache, and PHP/Perl/Python, and mySQL used for deploying websites

26
Q

What’s Maria DB?

A

It’s a community developed fork of MySQL

27
Q

What is Samba?

A

Samba is an open-source file-sharing software for Linux that permits file sharing with Windows clients through native connectivity using the Common Internet File System (CIFS)

28
Q

What is CIFS?

A

Common Internet File System

29
Q

What is NFS?

A

Network File System. It’s a distributed file system protocol that permits client hosts to access files and directories over the network as local storage

30
Q

What is ownCloud?

A

It’s a client/server suite of applications for creating and using the hosting services. The functionality of oq

31
Q

Define Shell

A

A shell script is a script that’s designed to be run by the command line interpreter using various scripting languages. Bash is the most common shell distribution; it typically runs as a command processor in a text-based command-line interface

32
Q

Which command creates newfile

A

touch newfile

33
Q

Difference between PHP and Perl?

A

Perl is designed for scripting, PHP for web dev

34
Q

What’s a package?

A

It’s a collection of files needed to install an application

35
Q

What is dpkg?

A

It’s a package archive format with some package metadata. DEB files are package installation files for Debian-based Linux distributions

36
Q

How do package files make installation of programs easier?

A

They contain the files necessary for installation and some metadata around dependencies

37
Q

What is apt good for? What does it allow the user to do?

A

APT permits the user to search for and install packages from repositories, which are directories containing software packages and an index

38
Q

How do we install packages using rpm and sudo?

A

sudo rpm -i pkgfile (eg htop.pkg)

39
Q

How do we remove packages using rpm and sudo?

A

sudo rpm -e pkgname (eg htop)

40
Q

What’s the essence of open-source philosophy?

A

It’s about the freedom to view and modify

41
Q

What are the two core views of open source philosophy and what do they entail?

A

1) permissive - no restrictions on licensing derivative work

2) copyleft - derivative work must use the same licensing as the original software

42
Q

What are the three common types of licensing?

A

1) CCO 1.0 Universal Declaration - all declarations are in the public domain, no restrictions whatsoever. You can copy, modify, distribute and perform the work for commercial purposes.
2) BSD licenses are a segment of permissive software licenses with minimal restrictions on usage and distribution
3) GNU General Public License - a widely used copyleft license. Since it’s copyleft, derivative work may only be distributed under the same license terms.

43
Q

What’s FSF?

A

Free Software Foundation

44
Q

What’s OSI?

A

Open Source Initiative

45
Q

What do FSF and OSI do? What do they have in common? How do they differ?

A

They place approvals on open-source software licenses.

  • Individuals from both sides often work with each other on free, open-source projects. Both support free, modifiable software and openly available source code
  • The difference comes from lack of focus on the practical benefits of software and more on the ethics of rights restrictions regarding proprietary software
46
Q

What does FOSS stand for?

A

Free and Open Source Software. Free is regarded in the context of price, generally

47
Q

What does FLOSS stand for

A

Free/Libre Open Source Software. Free = freedom,

48
Q

How do we view the main release file?

A

cat /etc/release/

49
Q

How do we view the release info from a file if the main release file is unavailable?

A

cat /etc/issue/

50
Q

How do we run a utility to determine a Linux distribution?

A

lsb_release -a

hostnamect1

51
Q

What are the Linux desktop skills?

A

These are the skills of using Linux Desktop, config options, web usage, and privacy

52
Q

What is the standard linux shell?

A

x

LPI Linux Essentials (3 decks)

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