Chapter 1 Flashcards
What is determination
the assumption that the universe is a lawful and orderly place in which phenomena occur as a result of other events
Empiricism
FACTS. Data based decision making. the objective observation of the phenomena of interest. Actual data collection to make the decision
Experimentation
the controlled comparison of some measure of the phenomenon of interest ( the dependent variable) under two or more different conditions in which only one factor at a time (the independent variable) differs from one condition to another
Replication
repeating experiments ( and independent variable conditions within experiments) to determine the reliability and usefulness of findings
Parsimony
simple logical explanations must be ruled out, experimentally or conceptually, before more complex or abstract explanations are considered. ( when you hear hoofbeats, think horses, not zebras)
Philosophic doubt
continually questioning the truthfulness and validity of all scientific theory and knowledge
3 branches of Behavior Analysis
Behaviorism, EAB ( experimental analysis of behavior) ABA
Who founded EAB
Skinner
Rate of response is the most common variable. Repeated or continuous measurement is made of carefully defined response classes. Within subject experimental comparisons. Visual data of graphs is preferred. A description of functional relations over formal theory testing
methodological features by which EAB is characterized
The science in which tactics derived from the principles of behavior are applied systematically to improve socially significant behavior and experimentation is used to identify the variables responsible for the behavior change
ABA
The four domains of Behavior Analysts
Behaviorism, experimental analysis of behavior, EAB (experimental analysis of behavior), ABA
Goals of Behavioral analysis
Description, prediction, control
Description
enables scientists to describe accurately. Collection of facts about the observed events that can be quantified, classified, and examined
Prediction
repeated observations reveal that two events consistently covary with each other
Covary
correlation between two or more variables
Radical Behaviorism
a form of behaviorism that attempts to understand all human behavior including private events, such as thoughts and feelings, in terms of controlling variables i n the history of the person ( ontogeny) and species (phylogeny)
Mentalism
assumes that an inner dimension exists that differs from a behavioral dimension. purports that factors in the inner dimension directly cause or influence behavior
Pragmatism
philosophical position the truth value of a statement is a function of how well the statement promotes effective action ( Do what works, don’t do what doesn’t work)
Goal of Behavior analysis as a science
Applied Behavior Analysis seeks to identify behavior as a functional relation with environmental events. Basic elements of science are used to identify such functional relations and demonstrate control while adhering to a central focus of improving behavior and skills in a way that is meaningful and sustainable.
Selectionism
the theory that all forms of life naturally and continually evolve as a result of the interaction function and the survival value of that function. Variation, selection, and retention
Skinners behaviorism makes 3 assumptions
Private events are behaviors (thoughts and feelings), Behavior that takes place within the skin (private event) is distinguished from other {public) behavior only by its inaccessibility, Private behavior is influenced by (is a function of) the same kinds of variables as publicly accessible behavior)