Chapter 1 Flashcards
large group of all possible scores that would be obtained if the behavior of every individ of interest in a particular situation could be measured
population
all females
population
small subset of a population intended to represent or stand for the population
sample
anything that when measured can produce 2 or more different values
variable
age, race, gender, intellegence
variable
occurs when a change in scores on one variable is accompanied by a CONSISTENT change in the scores on another variable
relationship
procedures which organize and summarize sample data
descriptive statistics
are procedures for drawing inferences about scores and relationship that would be found in the population
inferential statistics
a number describing an aspect of the scores in a sample
statistic
use english letters
statistic
number describing an aspect of the scores in the population
parameter
use greek letters
parameter
is the way the study is laid out
design
researcher actively changes or manipulates one variable and then measures the participants scores on another variable to see if a relationship is produced
experiment
is changed or manipulated by the experimenter
independent variable
specific amount of the IV creating the specific situation under which participants are studied
condition
variable measuring a behavior or attitude of participants we expect will be influenced by the IV
dependent variable
the researcher measures participants scores on two variables and then determines whether a relationship is present
correlational study
does not indicate an amount, rather used to categorize or classify individuals
nominal scale
gender, ethnicity, political affiliation
nominal scale
indicates rank order, but not score of zero and the same amount separating adjacent scores
ordinal scale
letter grades, college classification
ordinal scale
indicates an actual amount and equal amount separating adjacent scores but no true zero
interval scale
measures an actual quantity, equal amount separating adjacent scores and zero truly means none of the variable is present
ratio scale
age, weight, volume, income
ratio scale
allows for fractional amounts and decimals make sense
continuous scale
only fixed amounts can be measured, not broken into smaller amounts
discrete scale
money is on a _____ scale
continuous
number of children is a _____ scale
discrete
