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Human Sexuality > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

gender

A

the state of being male or female, but usually used in reference to social and cultural differences rather than biological differences

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2
Q

gender role

A

complex clusters of ways in which males and females are expected to behave within a given culture

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3
Q

human sexuality

A

the ways in which people experience and express themselves as sexual beings

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4
Q

values

A

the qualities in life that are deemed important or unimportant, right or wrong, desirable or undesirable

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5
Q

phallic worship

A

worship of the penis as a symbol of generative power

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6
Q

phallic symbol

A

an image of the penis

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7
Q

incest taboo

A

the prohibition against intercourse and reproduction among close blood relatives

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8
Q

bisexual

A

sexually responsive to either gender

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9
Q

pederasty

A

sexual love of boys

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10
Q

courtesan

A

a prostitute

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11
Q

concubine

A

a secondary wife

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12
Q

bestiality

A

sexual relations between a person and an animal

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13
Q

sadism

A

the practice of achieving sexual gratification through hurting or humiliating others

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14
Q

fellatio

A

a sexual activity involving oral contact with the penis

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15
Q

cunnilingus

A

a sexual activity involving oral contact with the female genitals

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16
Q

fornication

A

sexual intercourse between people who are not married to one another

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17
Q

genes

A

the basic units of heredity

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18
Q

chromosomes

A

the rodlike structures that reside in the nuclei of every living cell and carry the genetic code in the form of genes

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19
Q

DNA

A

deoxyribonucleic acid - the chemical substance whose molecules make up genes and chromosomes

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20
Q

evolution

A

the development of a species to its present state, which is believed to involve adaptations to its environment

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21
Q

natural selection

A

the evolutionary process by which adaptive traits enable members of a species to survive to reproductive age and transmit these traits to future generations

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22
Q

mutation

A

a random change in the molecular structure of DNA

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23
Q

psychoanalysis

A

human behavior represents the outcome of clashing inner forces

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24
Q

defense mechanisms

A

automatic processes that protect the ego from anxiety by disguising or ejecting unacceptable ideas and urges

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25
Q

repression

A

automatic ejection of anxiety-evoking ideas from consciousness

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26
Q

erogenous zones

A

parts of the body that are responsive to sexual stimulation

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27
Q

psychosexual development

A

the process by which sexual feelings shift from one erogenous zone to another

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28
Q

oedipus complex

A

a conflict of the phallic stage in which the boy wishes to possess his mother sexually and perceives his father as a rival in love

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29
Q

behaviorists

A

learning theorists who argue that a scientific approach to understanding behavior must refer only to observable and measurable behaviors

30
Q

coitus

A

sexual intercourse

31
Q

social-cognitive theory

A

cognitively oriented learning theory in which observational learning and values play key roles in determining behavior

32
Q

feminist theory

A

theory that challenges acceptance of the males as the norm, traditional gender roles, and male oppression of females

33
Q

queer theory

A

theory that challenges heteronormativity and heterosexism

34
Q

heteronormativity

A

assumption that heterosexuality is normal

35
Q

homophobia

A

hatred of homosexuals

36
Q

empirical

A

derived from or based on observation and experimentation

37
Q

hypothesis

A

a precise prediction about behavior that is tested through research

38
Q

variables

A

quantities or qualities that vary or may vary

39
Q

demographic

A

concerning the vital statistics of human populations

40
Q

population

A

a complete group of organisms or events

41
Q

sample

A

part of a population

42
Q

generalize

A

to go from the particular to the general

43
Q

random sample

A

a sample in which every member of a population has an equal chance of participating

44
Q

stratified random sample

A

random sample in which known subgroups in a population are represented in proportion to their numbers in the population

45
Q

case study

A

a carefully drawn, in-depth biography of an individual or a small group of individuals that may be obtained through interviews , questionnaires and historical records

46
Q

survey

A

a detailed study of a sample obtained by means such as interviews and questionnaires

47
Q

volunteer bais

A

a slanting of research data that is caused by the characteristics of individuals who volunteer to participate

48
Q

confidentiality

A

keeping records and the name of research participants or therapy clients private

49
Q

reliability

A

consistency or accuracy of a measure

50
Q

validity

A

with respect to interviews, questionnaires, and tests, the degree to which an item measures what it is supposed to measure

51
Q

incidence

A

measure of the occurrence or the degree of occurrence of an event

52
Q

frequency

A

number of times an action is repeated within a given period

53
Q

social desirability

A

response to bias to a questionnaire or interview in which the person provides a socially acceptable response

54
Q

naturalistic observation

A

method in which organisms are observed in their natural environments

55
Q

ethnographic observation

A

method of research that deals descriptively with specific cultures

56
Q

participant observation

A

method in which observers interact with the people thy study as they collect data

57
Q

laboratory observation

A

method in which subjects are studied in a lab setting

58
Q

penile strain gauge

A

devise for measuring sexual arousal in men in terms of changes in the circumference of the penis

59
Q

vaginal plethysmograph

A

tampon-like prove that is inserted in the vagina and suggests the level of vasocongestion by measuring the light reflected from the vaginal walls

60
Q

vasocongestion

A

congestion from the flow of blood

61
Q

myotonia

A

muscle tension

62
Q

correlation

A

statistical measure of the relationships between two variables

63
Q

correlation coefficient

A

statistic that expresses the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables

64
Q

experiment

A

scientific method that seeks to confirm cause-and-effect relationships by manipulating independent variables and observing their effects on dependent variables

65
Q

treatment

A

(in experiments) intervention that is administered to participants so that is effects may be observed

66
Q

independent variable

A

condition in a scientific study that is manipulated by the researchers so that its effects may be observed

67
Q

dependent variable

A

measured result of an experiment that is believed to be a function of the independent variable

68
Q

experimental group

A

group of study participants who receive a treatment

69
Q

control group

A

group of study participants who do not receive the experimental treatment

70
Q

selection factor

A

bias that may operate in research when people are allowed to determine whether or not they will receive a treatment

Human Sexuality (1 decks)

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