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Earth Science > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the goal of science?

A

To understand the world around us.

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2
Q

What is a scientific theory?

A

The most logical explanation for events that occur in nature.

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3
Q

What is a scientific law?

A

If a theory survives many tests and is generally accepted as true, scientists may call it a law.

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4
Q

What is geology?

A

The study of Earth’s origin, history, and structure.

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5
Q

What is meteorology?

A

The study of Earth’s atmosphere, weather, and climate.

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6
Q

What is astronomy?

A

The study of the planets, stars, and other objects in outer space.

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7
Q

What are the 7 steps of the scientific method?

A

Stating the problem. Gathering information on the problem. Forming a hypothesis. Performing experiments to test the hypothesis. Stating a conclusion. Repeating the work.

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8
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A

A proposed solution to a scientific problem.

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9
Q

What is a variable?

A

A variable in an experiment is the one factor that is being tested.

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10
Q

What is data?

A

Recorded observations and measurements.

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11
Q

What is a control?

A

The control setup is exactly like the experimental setup except that the control experiment does not contain the variable.

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12
Q

What is a meter?

A

The basic unit of length in the metric system. (Approximately 1 yard or 3 feet).

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13
Q

What is a centimeter?

A

One-hundredth of a meter. (A little smaller than half and inch or about the width of a pen).

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14
Q

What is a millimeter?

A

One-thousandth of a meter. (About the width of an uncooked spaghetti noodle).

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15
Q

What is a micrometer?

A

One-millionth of a meter. (Useful for measuring bacteria).

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16
Q

What is a nanometer?

A

One-billionth of a meter. (Also useful for measuring bacteria).

17
Q

What is a kilometer?

A

One thousand meters. (About 6/10ths of a mile. Useful for measuring large things like rivers).

18
Q

What is a light-year?

A

The distance light travels in one year. (About 9.5 trillion kilometers, or almost 6 trillion miles).

19
Q

What is volume?

A

A measure of the amount of space an object takes up.

20
Q

What is a liter?

A

The basic metric unit of volume. (Approximately 1 quart).

21
Q

What is a milliliter?

A

One-thousandth of a liter.

22
Q

What is a cubic centimeter? (cc or cm3)

A

Exactly equal to a milliliter, but the term is used for measuring the volume of solids.

23
Q

What is a kilogram?

A

The basic SI unit of mass.

24
Q

What is mass?

A

The measure of the amount of matter in an object.

25
Q

What is a gram?

A

A kilogram is 1000 grams. One gram is about the mass of a paper clip.

26
Q

What is weight?

A

A measure of the attraction between two objects due to gravity.

27
Q

What is a newton?

A

The basic unit of weight in the metric system. (Approximately equal to the weight of an apple on Earth).

28
Q

What is density?

A

The mass per unit volume of a substance.

29
Q

What is the mathematical formula for density?

A

Density = Mass / Volume

30
Q

What is the metric unit for temperature?

A

Celsius

31
Q

What is the freezing point of water in metric?

A

0 degrees Celsius

32
Q

What is the boiling point of water in metric?

A

100 degrees Celsius

33
Q

What is a comfortable room temperature in metric?

A

About 20 degrees Celsius

34
Q

What is the difference between a microscope and a telescope?

A

A microscope is used for looking at very small things. A telescope is used for looking at large things that are far away.

35
Q

What is a refracting telescope?

A

A telescope that uses lenses to collect and focus light.

36
Q

What is a reflecting telescope?

A

A telescope that uses mirrors to collect and focus light. (Note that the eyepiece may use lenses).

37
Q

What is a radio telescope?

A

Usually shaped like a large dish, for gathering and focusing radio waves onto an antenna.

38
Q

What is the most important safety rule in the science laboratory?

A

Always follow your teacher’s directions or the directions in your textbook exactly as stated.

Earth Science (2 decks)

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