Chapter 1

Question 1

Culture

Answer 1

The shared ways of life and shared understandings that people develop as they live together.

Question 2

Sociology

Answer 2

The study of the social worlds that people create maintain, and change through their relationships with each other.

Question 3

Social Worlds

Answer 3

Identifiable spheres of everyday actions and relationships. Encompass that following:

a) values and beliefs that we use to make sense of our lives
b) our everyday actions and relationships
c) the groups, organizations, communities, and societies that we form as we make choices, develop relationships, and participate in social life.

Question 4

Society

Answer 4

A relatively self-sufficient collection of people who maintain a way of life.

Question 5

Social Interaction

Answer 5

Consists of people taking each other into account and, in the process, influencing each other’s feelings, thoughts, and actions.

Question 6

Social Structure

Answer 6

The established patterns of relationships and social arrangements take shape as people live, work, and play with each other. It is the basis of organization in all social worlds.

Question 7

Sports

Answer 7

Physical activities that involve challenges or competitive contests.

Question 8

Physical Culture

Answer 8

Includes all forms of movement and physical activities that people in particular social worlds create, sustain, and regularly include in their collective lives.

Question 9

Social Construction

Answer 9

Parts of the social world are created by people as they interact with one another under particular social, political, and economic conditions.

Question 10

3 Struggles of Sports Decision Making

Answer 10

1. What are the meaning and primary purpose of sports, and how should sports be organized to fit that meaning and purpose?
2. Who will play sports with whom, and under what conditions will they play?
3. What agencies or organizations will sponsor and control sports?

Question 11

Contested Activities

Answer 11

Activities for which there are no timeless and universal agreements about what they mean, why they exist, or how they should be organized.
“Who plays and who doesn’t”

Question 12

Research on Whose Ideas and Interests Count the Most when We Are Determining.. (3)

Answer 12

1. The meaning, purpose, and organization of sports
2. Who plays and under what conditions
3. How sports will be sponsored or controlled

Question 13

Sociology of Sports

Answer 13

Is primarily a subdiscipline of sociology and physical education that studies sports as social phenomena.

Question 14

Top Ten Questions for Research

Answer 14

See page 10 of the Textbook

Question 15

The Great Sports Myth

Answer 15

Sports are pure and good, which is transferred to the players, consumers, and sponsors of the sports.

Question 16

Controversies Created by the Sociology of Sports

Answer 16

1. Women are less likely than men to have the time, freedom, money, and “cultural permission” needed to play a sport regularly
2. Women have little or no control of the facilities where the sports are played or the programs in those facilities
3. Women have less access to transportation and less overall freedom to move around at will and without fear
4. Women often are expected to take full-time responsibility for the emotional needs of a family- a jib that seldom allows them time to play sports
5. most sports programs around the world are organized by men and around the values, interests, and experiences of men.

Question 17

Social Capital

Answer 17

Social resources that link people to social worlds in positive ways.

Question 18

Ideology

Answer 18

A shared interpretive framework that people use to make sense of and evaluate themselves, others, and events in their social worlds.

Question 19

Gender Ideology

Answer 19

Interrelated ideas ad beliefs that are widely used to define masculinity and feminity, identify people who as male or female, evaluate forms of sexual expression, and determine the appropriate roles for males and females in society.
Most common include:
1. Male or female
2. Heterosexual is nature’s default for reproduction, outside of that is deviant and unnatural
3. Men are stronger, more rational than women and therefore, are naturally superior.

Question 20

Racial Ideology

Answer 20

Interrelated ideas and beliefs that are widely used to classify human beings into categories assumed to be biological and related to attributes such as intelligence,, temperament, and physical abilities.

Question 21

“Facts of Nature” :(

Answer 21

1. Humans can be classified into races on the basis of biologically inherited or genetically based characteristics.
2. Intellectual and physiological characteristics can be determined by race (White people are intellectually superior, etc)
3. People classified as white have only white ancestry and anyone with one or more black ancestors is classified as a black person.

Question 22

Ableist Ideology

Answer 22

Interrelated ideas and beliefs that identify people as physically or intellectually disabled, to justify treating them as inferior, and to organize social worlds and physical spaces without taking them into account.

1. All people can be classified as either enabled or disabled
2. People with a disability are inferior to and needier than enabled people.