Chapter 1

Question 1

The most fundamental purpose of criminal investigation and forensic science is to

Answer 1

Discover the truth.

Question 2

The four additional objectives of the investigative process:

Answer 2

1. Establish that a crime was actually committed.
2. Identify and apprehend the suspect(s).
3. Recover stolen property.
4. Assist in the prosecution of the person(s) charged with a crime.

Question 3

The roots of Criminal Investigation can be traced back to _______ in the _______ century, a period marked by significant _______, ________, and ________ changes.

Answer 3

a. England
b. 18th
c. Social
d. Political
e. Economic

Question 4

_______ was home to the first police reformer, _______.

Answer 4

Robert Peel

Question 5

Forensic science draws from diverse disciplines to study physical evidence related to crime such as:

Answer 5

1. Geology
2. Physics
3. Chemistry
4. Biology
5. Mathematics

*Good People Can Be Mean

Question 6

During the 18th century, these two events began a process of change that profoundly affected how police services were delivered and investigations conducted:

Answer 6

1. An agricultural revolution.

2. An industrial revolution.

Question 7

A small group of volunteer, non-uniformed homeowners in London. They hurried to the scene and reported crimes and began investigations, thus becoming the first modern detective force.

Answer 7

Bow Street Runners

Question 8

_______ was created by Sir Robert Peel which created a Metropolitan police force from London.

Answer 8

Metropolitan Police Act

Question 9

The police headquarters became known as “_______” because the building formally had housed Scottish Royalty.

Answer 9

Scotland Yard

Question 10

In 1833, Philadelphia passed an ordinance creating Americas first paid

Answer 10

Daylight police force.

Question 11

In 1844 the New York legislature created the first _______ in the country.

Answer 11

Unified Police Force

Question 12

America needed reliable detectives for several reasons:

Answer 12

1. Graft and corruption were common among American big city police officers.
2. The jurisdiction of sheriff’s officers and municipal officers was limited.
3. There was a little information sharing by law enforcement agencies.

Question 13

_______ was a private detective in the 19th century who’s trademark slogan was “We never sleep”.

Answer 13

Allan Pinkerton

Question 14

_______ created by the New York Police Department consisted of photographs of known offenders arranged by criminal specialty and height.

Answer 14

The Rogues Gallery

Question 15

_______ supplemented the rogues’ gallery and at 9 o’ clock every morning all criminals arrested in the past 24 hours would march before detectives who made notes to recognize the criminals later.

Answer 15

Mulberry Street Morning Parade

Question 16

_______ made the distribution of non-medical drugs a federal crime.

Answer 16

The Harrison Act (1914)

Question 17

From 1961 to 1966, a period known as the “_______,” the Supreme Court became unusually active in hearing cases involving the rights of criminal suspects and defendants.

Answer 17

Due Process Revolution

Question 18

What two vital areas did the Supreme Courts decision regarding due process revolution focused on.

Answer 18

1. Search and Seizure
2. Right to Legal Representation

• Miranda v Arizona
• Map v Ohio

Question 19

All crime scenes are searched on the basis of this principle. It asserts that when perpetrators come into contact with the scene, they will leave something of themselves and take away something from the scene. This principle states that there is something to be found.

Answer 19

Lord’s Exchange Principle

Question 20

_______ is from the Greek meaning of life measurements.

Answer 20

Biometrics

Question 21

In forensic science, the three historical biometric approaches to establish individual identity are:

Answer 21

1. Anthropometry: (relative short lived) by Alphonse Bertillon - A=axed
2. Dactylography: fingerprints
3. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) typing:

Question 22

The _______ created by Edward Henry was a final breakthrough of the fingerprint method of personal identification. It would become adopted virtually throughout the world.

Answer 22

Henry System

Question 23

The most important incident to advance the use of fingerprints in this country was the:

Answer 23

West Case

Question 24

The first use of DNA in a criminal case was in 1987 in England in the _______ case.

Answer 24

Enderby

Question 25

During 1986, a series of rapes and assaults occurred in Orlando, FL, that resulted in our countries first use of _______ in criminal investigations.

Answer 25

DNA

Question 26

With the exception of _______, every person has distinctive DNA.

Answer 26

Identical Twins

Question 27

The _______ case involved the first application of genetic mapping to plant evidence.

Answer 27

Palo Verde Seedpod

Question 28

Firearms identification includes identification of:

Answer 28

1. Types of ammunition
2. Knowledge of the design and functioning of firearms.
3. Restoration of obliterated serial numbers on weapons.
4. Estimation of the distance between a gun’s muzzle and a victim when the weapon is fired.

Question 29

_______ is the person considered most responsible for raising firearms identification to a science and for perfecting of the bullet comparison microscope.

Answer 29

Calvin Goddard

Question 30

_______ developed a procedure in 1915 that permits blood typing from a dried bloodstein.

Answer 30

Leon Lattes (1887-1854)

Question 31

_______ helped John Larson produce the first workable polygraph in 1921.

Answer 31

August Vollmer (1876-1955)

Question 32

Biometrics is now defined as the measurable and automated physiological or behavioral characteristics that can be used to verify the identity of an individual sometimes called “_______”.

Answer 32

the new profiling