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environmental science > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

environmental science

A

the systematic, scientific study of our environment as well as our role in it.

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2
Q

Environmental economics

ex. depleted fish

A

What are the long term costs and benefits of building a marine preserve?

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3
Q

Political science

ex. depleted fish

A

How do we develop equitable fishing policies?

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4
Q

Population biology

ex. depleted fish

A

How many fish are needed for reproduction?

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5
Q

Ecology

ex. depleted fish

A

How does the reef support the fish?

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6
Q

Chemistry

ex. depleted fish

A

What levels of oxygen, nutrients are best for reef health?

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7
Q

Anthropology, religion

ex. depleted fish

A

What is the cultural value of fishing in a coastal reef?

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8
Q

Methods of environmental science

A

Observation, scientific method, Quantitative reasoning, Uncertainty, critical and analytical thinking.

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9
Q

throughput

A

the flow of energy and/or matter into and out of a system.

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10
Q

Ecosystem services

A

Resources and services provided by environmental systems

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11
Q

Sustainability

A

Ecological, social, and economic systems that can last over long term.

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12
Q

Sustainable development

A

a real increase in well being and standard of life for the average person that can be maintained over the long term without degrading the environment or compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

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13
Q

Sustainable development goals

A
  1. combating poverty
  2. reducing resource consumption
  3. population growth
  4. health care
  5. sustainble cities
  6. environmental policies
  7. protection of the atmosphere
  8. combating deforestation and protecting biodiversity
  9. combating desertification and drought
  10. agricultural and rural development
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14
Q

Science

A

the orderly pursuit of knowledge, relying on observations that test hypotheses in order to answer
questions

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15
Q

Quantitative reasoning

A

using measurements and numbers to understand the world.

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16
Q

Environmental science is the study of earths natural hazards? T/F

A

False, includes natural hazards but is not limited too.

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17
Q

About__% of the world population lives in regions where water demand exceed supplies

A

40%, could be up to 75% in ten years

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18
Q

The population of Earth is growing at approximately _________people per year

A

80 Million

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19
Q

what are current issues related to climate change?

A

Melting ice caps
Rising sea levels
more frequent floods

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20
Q

Although hundreds of millions of people have better water supplies then they did 25 years ago, over ______ people still lack access to safe drinking water

A

1.1 billion

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21
Q

Air pollution is involved in millions of deaths and illnesses worldwide every ____________.

A

year

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22
Q

Fertility rates have decreased in most areas of the world to less than _____children per women

A

3 actual: 2.45 per woman

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23
Q

human life expectancies have ________in the last 100 years.

A

increased dramatically

24
Q

the current general trend of biodiversity is that it is___________.

A

decreasing

25
Q

while the world population continues to grow, the rate of population growth is__________.

A

decreasing

26
Q

more than______ of fish stocks have been severly depleted and are in need of better management to maintain sustainable global food supplies.

A

3/4

27
Q

an important idea in consumption is through-put, the amount of________ that are used and disposed of.

A

resources

28
Q

More then one billion people depend on resources from the_______ for their animal protein source.

A

Ocean

29
Q

____________ are those services and resources provided by environmental systems on earth.

A

Ecosystem services

30
Q

Provisioning

A

These services provide the resources, such as fuel, that we need to live

31
Q

Supporting

A

These services might include water purification, and waste decomposition.

32
Q

Regulating

A

these services maintain conditions that make earth suitable for life

33
Q

Cultural

A

these services are recreational and have aesthetic benefits

34
Q

sustainability is the search for ecological ________ and human progress that can last indefinitely.

A

Stability

35
Q

Human development index (HDI)

A

Table (graph) that lists Quality of Life indicators monitored by the united nation.

36
Q

the ___________ _____________ goals proposed by the UN in 2016 include 17 targets, both general and specific, and covers topics such as preserving biodiversity, ending poverty, providing clean water and energy, and promoting health.

A

Sustainable development goals

37
Q

Environmental policy

A

this guides decisions on protecting and using resources wisely.

38
Q

combating desertification and drought

A

this is imperative as it is associated with water resources essential to farming, ecosystems, and life.

39
Q

protecting the atmosphere

A

the primary concerns are climate change and pollution.

40
Q

Agricultural and rural development

A

Stewardship of the land is important for non-urban dwellers and agriculture.

41
Q

combating deforestation and protecting biodiversity

A

these biomes play many roles including water cycling, resource creation, and being a home to diverse speicies.

42
Q

assuming the world is knowable and observable, ____________ helps us to understand the world around us.

A

Science

43
Q

why do scientists require reproducibility in their work?

A

it is a key verification that the initial result or conclusion wasn’t unique.

44
Q

what is the term we use for the cumulative body of knowledge we use to help explain and understand the world.

A

Science

45
Q

Empiricism

A

Real processes can be observed and understood.

46
Q

Uniformitatarism

A

fundamental processes and patterns that do not change over space and time.

47
Q

Parsimony

A

The simple explanation of the two usually is preferred.

48
Q

Uncertainity

A

Explanations and knowledge can and do change with new evidence.

49
Q

repeatability

A

scientific test results need to be reproducible.

50
Q

A_____________ experiment involves observation after an event while ____________ experiment occur when conditions are deliberately altered.

A

natural, manipulative

51
Q

A__________ shift is a great change in the explanatory framework of the scientific community.

A

Paradigm

52
Q

we critically analyze information in various ways such as using analytical, creative, ____________, and _______ thinking.

A

logical, reflective

53
Q

orderly, logical, analytical assessment of evidence, ideas, and arguments is called ___________ thinking.

A

critical

54
Q

Theodore Roosevelt and Gifford Pinchot

A
  • Pragmatic Utilitarian Conservation
  • argued forest should be saved for future homes and Generations
  • Pinchot was the first chief of the forest service
  • Pinchot helped Roosevelt and John Muir to establish national forests, parks, and wildlife refugee systems.
55
Q

John Muir

A
  • argued that nature deserves to exist for its own sake.
  • Aesthetic and spiritual values formed the core of his philosophy.
  • preservation movement

environmental science (3 decks)

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