Chapter 1 Flashcards
environmental science
the systematic, scientific study of our environment as well as our role in it.
Environmental economics
ex. depleted fish
What are the long term costs and benefits of building a marine preserve?
Political science
ex. depleted fish
How do we develop equitable fishing policies?
Population biology
ex. depleted fish
How many fish are needed for reproduction?
Ecology
ex. depleted fish
How does the reef support the fish?
Chemistry
ex. depleted fish
What levels of oxygen, nutrients are best for reef health?
Anthropology, religion
ex. depleted fish
What is the cultural value of fishing in a coastal reef?
Methods of environmental science
Observation, scientific method, Quantitative reasoning, Uncertainty, critical and analytical thinking.
throughput
the flow of energy and/or matter into and out of a system.
Ecosystem services
Resources and services provided by environmental systems
Sustainability
Ecological, social, and economic systems that can last over long term.
Sustainable development
a real increase in well being and standard of life for the average person that can be maintained over the long term without degrading the environment or compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Sustainable development goals
- combating poverty
- reducing resource consumption
- population growth
- health care
- sustainble cities
- environmental policies
- protection of the atmosphere
- combating deforestation and protecting biodiversity
- combating desertification and drought
- agricultural and rural development
Science
the orderly pursuit of knowledge, relying on observations that test hypotheses in order to answer
questions
Quantitative reasoning
using measurements and numbers to understand the world.
Environmental science is the study of earths natural hazards? T/F
False, includes natural hazards but is not limited too.
About__% of the world population lives in regions where water demand exceed supplies
40%, could be up to 75% in ten years
The population of Earth is growing at approximately _________people per year
80 Million
what are current issues related to climate change?
Melting ice caps
Rising sea levels
more frequent floods
Although hundreds of millions of people have better water supplies then they did 25 years ago, over ______ people still lack access to safe drinking water
1.1 billion
Air pollution is involved in millions of deaths and illnesses worldwide every ____________.
year
Fertility rates have decreased in most areas of the world to less than _____children per women
3 actual: 2.45 per woman
human life expectancies have ________in the last 100 years.
increased dramatically
the current general trend of biodiversity is that it is___________.
decreasing
while the world population continues to grow, the rate of population growth is__________.
decreasing
more than______ of fish stocks have been severly depleted and are in need of better management to maintain sustainable global food supplies.
3/4
an important idea in consumption is through-put, the amount of________ that are used and disposed of.
resources
More then one billion people depend on resources from the_______ for their animal protein source.
Ocean
____________ are those services and resources provided by environmental systems on earth.
Ecosystem services
Provisioning
These services provide the resources, such as fuel, that we need to live
Supporting
These services might include water purification, and waste decomposition.
Regulating
these services maintain conditions that make earth suitable for life
Cultural
these services are recreational and have aesthetic benefits
sustainability is the search for ecological ________ and human progress that can last indefinitely.
Stability
Human development index (HDI)
Table (graph) that lists Quality of Life indicators monitored by the united nation.
the ___________ _____________ goals proposed by the UN in 2016 include 17 targets, both general and specific, and covers topics such as preserving biodiversity, ending poverty, providing clean water and energy, and promoting health.
Sustainable development goals
Environmental policy
this guides decisions on protecting and using resources wisely.
combating desertification and drought
this is imperative as it is associated with water resources essential to farming, ecosystems, and life.
protecting the atmosphere
the primary concerns are climate change and pollution.
Agricultural and rural development
Stewardship of the land is important for non-urban dwellers and agriculture.
combating deforestation and protecting biodiversity
these biomes play many roles including water cycling, resource creation, and being a home to diverse speicies.
assuming the world is knowable and observable, ____________ helps us to understand the world around us.
Science
why do scientists require reproducibility in their work?
it is a key verification that the initial result or conclusion wasn’t unique.
what is the term we use for the cumulative body of knowledge we use to help explain and understand the world.
Science
Empiricism
Real processes can be observed and understood.
Uniformitatarism
fundamental processes and patterns that do not change over space and time.
Parsimony
The simple explanation of the two usually is preferred.
Uncertainity
Explanations and knowledge can and do change with new evidence.
repeatability
scientific test results need to be reproducible.
A_____________ experiment involves observation after an event while ____________ experiment occur when conditions are deliberately altered.
natural, manipulative
A__________ shift is a great change in the explanatory framework of the scientific community.
Paradigm
we critically analyze information in various ways such as using analytical, creative, ____________, and _______ thinking.
logical, reflective
orderly, logical, analytical assessment of evidence, ideas, and arguments is called ___________ thinking.
critical
Theodore Roosevelt and Gifford Pinchot
- Pragmatic Utilitarian Conservation
- argued forest should be saved for future homes and Generations
- Pinchot was the first chief of the forest service
- Pinchot helped Roosevelt and John Muir to establish national forests, parks, and wildlife refugee systems.
John Muir
- argued that nature deserves to exist for its own sake.
- Aesthetic and spiritual values formed the core of his philosophy.
- preservation movement
