Chapter 08 | Tsunamis

Question 1

Geographical Occurrences of tsunamis
(in order)

Answer 1

1. Pacific
   2.Mediterranean
   3.Atlantic
   4.Indian Ocean

Question 2

What earthquake waves warned the Japanese of an incoming tsunami

Answer 2

P waves

Question 3

Causes of Tsunamis

Answer 3

Earthquake
-Normal and reverse faults causes sea floor displacement
-transform faults do not
Volcanic Eruption and volcanic flank collapse

Underwater landslides
Meteorite
Comet Impacts

Question 4

Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Disaster

Answer 4

Japan 2011

Reactors are gradually destroyed individually

Power lost and large spill of melted fuel rods. Radiaoactive iodine-131 and cesium 137 released to the atmosphere and oceans.

HAZARD: navigation and marine ecosystem because of the spill.

Question 5

Tsunami

Answer 5

Produce largely by earthquakes, specifically in subduction zones with shallow hypocenters.

Question 6

What are wind waves?

Answer 6

waves made by wind. It velocity depends on the period of wave

17mph for 5 second waves.

Question 7

Difference with Tsunami vs wind waves

Answer 7

Huge mass of water with tremendous momentum

v=(g x d)^1/2

avg. 420-480 mph

slow as it approaches the shore.

Question 8

Waves in Water and on the Coast

Answer 8

energy causes the water particles to rotate in place.

*rotational movement becomes insignificant at depths greather than one half the wavelength.

=ocean surface- large displacement

=ocean bottom-insignificant displacement.

Question 9

Motion of waves

Answer 9

flattened to ellipses as it approaches land- back and forth motion

Question 10

Height

Answer 10

<1 m in open water

5-15 m in shallow water

series of waves separated by 10 to 60 minutes.

Higher in narrow topography

Question 11

Tsunami at shoreline

Answer 11

rapid rising tide, rushing inland

sometimes water retreats first. water flows straight .

Long period with long wavelength.