Chapter 04 - Skin

Question 1

Causes of generalized itching w/o obvious reason

Answer 1

1. dry skin
2. aging
3. pregnancy
4. uremia
5. jaundice
6. lymphoma
7. leukemia
8. drug reaction
9. lice

Question 2

common / concerning symptoms

Answer 2

1. hair loss
2. rash
3. moles

Question 3

melanoma protective measures

Answer 3

1. avoiding sun exposure
2. using sunscreen
3. inspection of the skin

Question 4

melanoma ABCDE

Answer 4

Asymmetry
irregular Borders
Color variation (especially blue or black)
Diameter (larger than 6mm)
=> roughened patches of skin + erythemas

Question 5

Skin: Color

Answer 5

1. ask patient
2. increased / loss of pigmentation
3. redness , pallor , cyanosis , yellowing

Question 6

Skin: Color: best places to check

Answer 6

oxyhemoglobin / pallor:
fingernails
lips
mucous membranes (mouth)
palpebral conjunctivita
palms and soles (dark people)
central cyanosis:
lips
oral mucosa
tongue

Question 7

Pallor

Answer 7

anemia

decreased blood flow: fainting

Question 8

Central Cyanosis

Answer 8

cyanosis of nails , hands , feet maybe central / peripheral
advanced lung disease
congenital heart disease
abnormal hemoglobins

Question 9

Peripheral Cyanosis

Answer 9

anxiety
cold examination room
pulmonary edema (maybe central)
congestive heart failure
venous obstruction

Question 10

Jaundice

Answer 10

sclera
papebral conjunctiva
lips
hard palate
undersurface of tongue
tympanic membrane
skin
liver disease
excessive hemolysis

Question 11

Carotenemia

Answer 11

palms
soles
face

Question 12

Skin: Moisture

Answer 12

dryness: hypothyroidism
oiliness: acne
sweating

Question 13

Skin: Temperature

Answer 13

generalized warmth: fever , hyperthyroidism
generalized coolness: hypothyroidism
local: inflammation / cellulitis

Question 14

Skin: Texture

Answer 14

roughness: hypothyroidism

Question 15

Skin: Mobility & Turgor

Answer 15

decreased mobility: edema , scleroderma

decreased turgor: dehydration

Question 16

Skin: Lesions

Answer 16

1.anatomic location: generalized/ localized:
acne: face , upper chest , upper back
psoriasis: knees , elbows
candida: intertriginous area
2.arrangement: lnear , clustered , annular , aeciform , dermatomal:
herpes zoster: unilateral dermatomal pattern
3.type: macule , papule , vesicle , nevus
4.color

Question 17

Nails

Answer 17

1. color
2. shape
3. ledions

Question 18

Hair

Answer 18

1.quantity: 
alopecia(hair loss)
sparse: hypothyroidism
fine silky hair: hyperthyroidism
2.distribution
3.texture