Chapter 01 - Introducing Personality Flashcards
Academic Traditions
These traditions bring together scholars that share similar views on a particular scientific approach, subject, or method.
Analysis
Analysis occurs with the breaking of something complex into smaller parts to understand their essential features and relations.
Censorship
Censorship is practicing the dissemination or restriction of what is deemed “appropriate” or “inappropriate” knowledge.
Central Personality
Central personality features tend to be somewhat wide-ranging and present - to various degrees - in most people, most of the time.
Cynicism
The persistent distrust of other people’s motives is shown in cynicism.
Determinism
Determinism is the view that psychological phenomena are casually determined by preceding events or some identifiable factors.
Fatalism
The view that humans are not in control of their lives because something or somebody else predetermines or “programs” them is called fatalism.
Knowledge
Information that has a purpose or use is also called knowledge.
Legal Knowledge
Legal knowledge emerges in official, legal prescriptions by authorities (ranging from tribal leaders to countries’ governments).
Nature-Nurture Debate
The general discussion about biological and social factors that affect human development, behavior, and experience is known as the nature-nurture debate.
Peripheral Personality
Peripheral personality features tend to be more specific and also tend to appear in specific individual or cultural circumstances, such as being polite and cooperative in some contexts but not in others.
Personality
A personality is a stable set of behavioral and experiential characteristics of an individual.
Personality Disorders
Personality disorders are enduring patterns of behavior and inner experience that deviate markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture.
Personality Psychology
Personality psychology is a branch of psychology that studies personality.
Pessimism
Pessimism refers to a persistent broad-spectrum belief in and anticipation of undesirable, negative, or damaging outcomes.
Pop Psychology
Pop psychology is a type of knowledge related to personality and designed for mass consumption; it reaches people primarily through the media - TV, radio, popular books, magazines, and the internet.
Popular (Folk) Beliefs
Observations and assumptions that represent a form of “everyday psychology” created by the people and for the people are referred to as popular (or folk) beliefs
Scarcity Mindset
A scarcity mindset is a reaction to a shortage of resources.
Scientific Knowledge
Scientific knowledge is based on science, or systematic empirical observation, measurement, and evaluation of facts.
Self-Determination
Self-determination is the view that we, as individuals, generally are in control of our plans, actions, responses, minds, and personality features.
Self-Enhancement
The tendency to deem our self as superior to peers is self-enhancement; in other words, we tend to believe that we are somewhat better, smarter, and more reasonable than others.
Theory
Applied to personality, theory is a type of comprehensive, scientific explanation about what personality is, how it develops, and how it functions.
Tolerance Threshold
An individual’s tolerance threshold is a measure of tolerance or intolerance toward specific personality traits in a society or within a cultural group.
Type
A type refers to a kind or category of elements or features sharing similar characteristics or qualities
Values
Stable perceptions about the individual’s place and his or her role in the world are represented by values.
