Chapter 01

Question 0

Ventricle

Answer 0

Lower chamber of the heart

Question 1

Atrium

Answer 1

Upper chamber of the heart

Question 2

Coronary sulcus

Answer 2

The atrioventricular groove that surrounds the outside of the heart and divides the atria from the ventricles

Question 3

Mediastinum

Answer 3

The central section of the thorax (chest cavity)

Question 4

Pericardium

Answer 4

Closed, two layer sac that surrounds the heart

Question 5

Pericarditis

Answer 5

An inflammation of the serous pericardium

Question 6

Epicardium

Answer 6

The smooth outer surface of the heart

Question 7

Myocardium

Answer 7

The thick middle layer of the heart composed primarily of cardiac muscle cells and responsible for the hearts ability to contract

Question 8

Endocardium

Answer 8

The innermost layer of the heart; composed of thin connective tissue

Question 9

Tricuspid valve

Answer 9

Named for its three cusps; located between the right atrium and the right ventricle

Question 10

Chordae tendineae

Answer 10

Fine chords of dense connective tissue that attach to papillary muscles in the wall of the ventricles

Question 11

Mitral (bicuspid) valve

Answer 11

Similar in structure to the tricuspid valve but with only two cusps and is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle

Question 12

Semilunar valves

Answer 12

Serve to prevent the back flow of blood into the ventricles, each valve containing three semilunar (or moon shaped) cusps

Question 13

Pulmonic valve

Answer 13

The semilunar valve located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

Question 14

Aortic valve

Answer 14

The semilunar valve located between left ventricle and the trunk of the aorta

Question 16

Arteries

Answer 16

Thick walled and muscular blood vessels that function under high pressure to convey blood from the heart out to the rest of the body

Question 17

coronary arteries

Answer 17

the two main arteries that arise from the trunk of the aorta and function to carry oxygenated blood throughout the myocardium

Question 18

coronary circulation

Answer 18

the process by which oxygenated blood is distributed throughout the heart muscle

Question 19

coronary sinus

Answer 19

(also referred to as the “great cardiac vein”) a short trunk that that serve to receive deoxygenated blood from the veins of the myocardium

Question 20

veins

Answer 20

blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart, operate under low pressure, and are relatively thin walled

Question 21

superior vena cava

Answer 21

drains blood from the head and neck

Question 22

inferior vena cava

Answer 22

collects blood from the rest of the body

Question 23

capillaries

Answer 23

tiny blood vessels that allow for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and body tissues; “connectors” between the arteries and veins

Question 24

circulation

Answer 24

movement through a course (the body) that leads back to the initial point (the heart)

Question 25

pulmonary circulation

Answer 25

when blood leaves the heart through the right ventricle and travels into the pulmonary artery to the lungs and back through the pulmonary veins to the left atrium

Question 26

tissues perfusion

Answer 26

refers to gas exchange within the alveolar capillary membranes in the lungs

Question 27

systemic circulation

Answer 27

the circulation of blood as it leaves the left ventricle and travels through the arteries, capillaries, and veins of the entire body system and back tot he primary receptacle of the heart (the right atrium)