Chaptee 13 & 16 Flashcards
Heart function and blood flow
what is the internal smooth layer of tissue in the heart
endocardium
what is the muscular layer of the heart wall
myocardium
name of the right av valve
tricuspid valve
name av valves
tricuspid and bicuspid valve
name semilunar valves
pulmonary semilunar and aortic semilunar valve
pacemaker of heart
sinotrial node
causes first sound of heart
closing of av valves
which vessels return blood from the lungs to the heart during pulmonary circulation
pulmonary veins 4
blood from right side of heart is forced to flow where
lungs/pulmonary trunk
location of heart
within mediastinum pericardium and thorax
all veins that carry blood directly to heart
superior and inferior vena cava coronary veins and pulmonary veins
vessels that provide blood to heart tissues
coronary arteries
valve found between left atrium and left ventricle
bicuspid valve
structure that attaches papillary muscles to valves
chordae tendinaea
characteristics of cardiac muscle cells
enlomgated, branching, central nucleus, striated, involuntary, numerous mitochondria, intercalated disks
conduction system of the hearr
specialized cardiac muscle cells that pass action potentials
pathway of conduction system of heart IN ORDER
SA node, AV node, Bundles of HIS, Purkinje fibers
pathway of blood flow from heart to lungs and body
superior and inferior vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, pulmonary valve, right and left pulmonary arteries, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, bicuspid valve, left ventricle, left ventricle, aorta, body systems, veins, vena cava
source in which blood enters the right atrium
superior and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus.
cause of DUPP sound
closing of semilunar valves
what is the parietal pericardium
pericardium layer just beneath fibrous pericardium
large external groove that separates the atria from the ventricles
coronary sulcus
what are auricles
ear like extension lateral of atria
functions of the skeleton of the heart
provides support for valves, electrical insulation b/w atria and ventricles, and attachment for cardiac muscle.
what is cardiac output
stroke volume times the heart rate (# of contractions per min)
what processes make up respiration
ventilation, external respiration, transport, and internal respiration.
pathway of air through the bronchial tree
secondary bronchi, tertiary, bronchioles, terminal, respiratory, alvcolar ducts, alvcoli.
in what specific respiratory structure does actual gas exchange take place
alvcoli
in what form is carbon dioxide transported within the blood
bicarbonate ions
what is the amount of the total lung capacity
5-6 liters
where do foreign objects that enter that trachea usually lodge
right primary bronchus
what percentage of oxygen combines with hemoglobin in the blood
97%
what is the function of hilum
entry for bronchi, vessels, and nerves
how many lobules compose the right lung, the left lung
10, 9
describe lobules of lungs
blood vessels and bronchi dont cross septa, can be removed, 9 on left 10 on right
why is the left primary bronchus more horizontal than the right primary bronchus
it is displaced by the position of the heart
what heart chamber is the thickest
left ventricle
