Chapt5 Flashcards
What is the modal model of memory?
The model proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin that describes memory as a mechanism that involves processing information through a series of stages, including short-term memory and long-term memory.
It is called the modal model because it contained features of many models that were being proposed in the 1960s.
What are the structural features in the modal model of memory?
Types of memory indicated by boxes in models of memory. In the modal model, the types are sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.
What are control processes in memory?
Active processes that can be controlled by the person and that may differ from one task to another. Rehearsal is an example of a control process.
What is rehearsal in memory?
The process of repeating a stimulus over and over, usually for the purpose of remembering it, that keeps the stimulus active in short-term memory.
What is persistence of vision?
The continued perception of light for a fraction of a second after the original light stimulus has been extinguished.
Perceiving a trail of light from a moving sparkler is caused by the persistence of vision.
What is sensory memory?
A brief stage of memory that holds information for seconds or fractions of a second. It is the first stage in the modal model of memory.
What is the whole report method?
Procedure used in Sperling’s experiment on the properties of the visual icon, in which participants were instructed to report all of the stimuli they saw in a brief presentation.
What is the partial report method?
Procedure used in Sperling’s experiment on the properties of the visual icon, in which participants were instructed to report only some of the stimuli in a briefly presented display.
What is the delayed partial report method?
A cue tone that was delayed for a fraction of a second after the display was extinguished indicated which part of the display to report.
What is iconic memory?
Brief sensory memory for visual stimuli that lasts for a fraction of a second after a stimulus is extinguished.
What is short-term memory (STM)?
A memory mechanism that can hold a limited amount of information for a brief period of time, usually around 30 seconds, unless there is rehearsal to maintain the information.
What is echoic memory?
Brief sensory memory for auditory stimuli that lasts for a few seconds after a stimulus is extinguished.
What is recall in memory?
Subjects are asked to report stimuli they have previously seen or heard.
What is digit span?
The number of digits a person can remember. Digit span is used as a measure of the capacity of short-term memory.
What is chunking?
Combining small units into larger ones, such as when individual words are combined into a meaningful sentence. Chunking can be used to increase the capacity of memory.
What is a chunk in memory?
A collection of elements that are strongly associated with each other but weakly associated with elements in other chunks.
What is the phonological loop?
Component of the phonological loop of working memory that holds a limited amount of verbal and auditory information for a few seconds.
What is working memory?
A limited-capacity system for temporary storage and manipulation of information for complex tasks such as comprehension, learning, and reasoning.
What is the visuospatial sketch pad?
The part of working memory that holds and processes visual and spatial information.
What is the articulatory rehearsal process?
Rehearsal process involved in working memory that keeps items in the phonological store from decaying.
What is the word length effect?
The notion that it is more difficult to remember a list of long words than a list of short words.
What is the phonological similarity effect?
An effect that occurs when letters or words that sound similar are confused.
What is articulatory suppression?
Interference with operation of the phonological loop that occurs when a person repeats an irrelevant word while carrying out a task.
What is mental rotation?
Rotating an image of an object in the mind.
