chapt2 Flashcards
chemical reaction
a process that involves rearrangement of the molecular or ionic structure of a substance, as opposed to a change in physical form or a nuclear reaction.
precipitate
cause (an event or situation, typically one that is bad or undesirable) to happen suddenly, unexpectedly, or prematurely.
chemical formula
a set of chemical symbols showing the elements present in a compound and their relative proportions, and in some cases the structure of the compound.
chemical equation
A chemical equation is the symbolic representation of a chemical reaction in the form of symbols and formulae, wherein the reactant entities are given on the left-hand side and the product entities on the right-hand side.
reactant
a substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction.
product
a quantity obtained by multiplying quantities together, or from an analogous algebraic operation.
synthesis reaction
A synthesis reaction or direct combination reaction is a type of chemical reaction in which two or more simple substances combine to form a more complex product. The reactants may be elements or compounds. The product is always a compound.
decomposition reaction
A decomposition reaction is a type of chemical reaction in which a single compound breaks down into two or more elements or new compounds. These reactions often involve an energy source such as heat, light, or electricity that breaks apart the bonds of compounds.
single displacement reaction
A single replacement reaction, also known as a substitution reaction, is a type of chemical reaction where one element replaces another element in a compound.
exothermic reaction
An exothermic reaction is a chemical reaction that releases energy by light or heat. It is the opposite of an endothermic reaction. Expressed in a chemical equation: reactants → products + energy.
endothermic reaction
The term endothermic process describes a process or reaction in which the system absorbs energy from its surroundings; usually, but not always, in the form of heat. … The opposite of an endothermic process is an exothermic process, one that releases, “gives out” energy in the form of (usually, but not always) heat.
law of conservation and mass
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The law of conservation of mass states that mass in an isolated system is neither created nor destroyed by chemical reactions or physical transformations. According to the law of conservation of mass, the mass of the products in a chemical reaction must equal the mass of the reactants.
activation energy
the minimum quantity of energy that the reacting species must possess in order to undergo a specified reaction.
inhibitor
a substance that slows down or prevents a particular chemical reaction or other process, or that reduces the activity of a particular reactant, catalyst, or enzyme.
catalyst
a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change
