Chapt. 7 Emergency Procedures Flashcards
Types of Emegencies (12)
- Bomb/bomb threats
- Dangerous Goods
- Turbulence
- Pilot incapacitation
- Hijacking
- Decompression
- Rejected landing
- Power failure
- Ditching
- Fire
- Land evacuation
- Rejected take off
Cabin Crew responsibilities
- Safety of passenger
2. Must at all times be ready for emergency situations
Cabin Crew Communication
- CCM member must report any abnormalities
2. Flight Deck must acknowledgement any reports
Crew Resource Management
- Flight Deck want to communicate w/ cabin crew
1. Make a PA announcement
2. Give a series of 4 more rings on the CCM call button - CCM want to communicate w/ Flight Deck
1. Proceed to the flight deck and inform Capt.
2. 4 + rings Flight Deck call button
Pre – Boarding Briefing
- CCM must have before each flight
Silent Review
Operation
Location/operation of emergency equipment
Disable Passenger
Able Bodied Passenger
Bracing signal or non signal / bracing position
Commands
Sterile Flight Deck
- When flight deck should not be disturbed for anything except for emergency
1. Push back, taxing, take off and landing - Release from sterile will 2 chimes from flight deck call button
Emergency Notification
SCCM Summoned
- “Will the Senior CCM please report to the Flight Deck”
i. Prompt response is required
Emergency Notification
Inoperative Service interphone
- @ The appropriate time SCCM will notify flight deck “Cabin is Secured”
- If it becomes necessary to enter the flight deck at the night
i. Galley and appropriate cabin lighting will be dim by the CCM prior to opening the flight door. - The signal to contact the CCM will “One Chime”
i. CCM will report to the Flight Deck
Emergency Notification with PA Inoperative
- 4 chimes SCCM to report to the flight deck
- Explosive Devices have 3 components
- Power Source
- Detonator
- Explosive
- A bomb threats are generally made by
- A telephone call
- Verbal / written communication
- Crew sighting or overhead conversation
- Bomb threat procedures whilst at the gate
Request instructions form Capt.
i. Advise the passenger to deplane if the Capt. So request
ii. Deplane passengers though the FWD entry door.
iii. Have passengers take all personal belongings
iv. Crowd control
v. Ground personnel will take control
- Bomb threat during Taxi
i. ATC and Company will advise
ii. The a/c will be moved to designed safe area
iii. If CCM is 1st Point of contact Capt will advise:
1. Request instructions
2. Make any announcement as requested by Capt.
3. Passenger are to remain seated with carry on items in their laps until told to deplane
4. Slides and overwing exits may be used in time sensitive situations
5. The SCCM will ensure that megaphone is taken off a/c
6. Keep PAX in 1area at least 300ft from the a/c until ground support and law enforcement
- Bomb threat Procedures During Flight
i. If found during flight always assume that it is a live device
ii. The Capt. Will make any and all decisions regarding
1. Relocation
2. Who will move it
3. When it will be move
4. How it will be moved
iii. The following precautions are taken:
1. Reseat PAX (min of 16’)
2. Unless advised don’t touch the damn thing or changed the alt.
3. W/o touching the device, surround it with any available padding
o Wet blankets, seat cushions, etc.
Define:
Hijacking
- Is the internationally to describe the act of illegally commandeering an it’s crew
Types of Hijackers
- Political Activist
i. Somebody who is making a political statement for cause - Paranoid/schizoid
i. Somebody who is suffering from a mental disorder
ii. Highly irrational or having a hard time separating reality
iii. Somebody with dramatic emotion change - Terrorist
i. Groups/individual will to die for cause
ii. Usually highly trained and skilled for plan of attack
Saftest Place for bomb placement for CAY. Airways
R2 doors
Hijacking Precautions
- Do not leave bags unattended
2. Always check your bags before getting on board
Hijacking Precautions
- Crew Boarding
- Always secure crew baggage out of sight and out of reach of pax
- Conduct a security briefing w/ Capt.
- Determine Flight Deck Password
- Advise all crewmembers of the location of armed pax if any on board.
Hijacking Precautions
- Passenger Boarding
- Remain alert for pax that are suspicious
- Watch all carry-on baggage
- Listen to pax comments
- If there are any disturbance at gate/jetway/ close and lock of cabin doors
Hijacking
- In Flight
- Assumes that all threats are serious threats
- Request that the hijackers display weapons
- Advise all crew members
i. “Capt. Or F/O this is station____” - Delay entry to Flight Deck for as long as possible
- Comply with hijacker’s demands, but do not surrender negotiate patiently
- Keeping pax calm and prevent them form typing to intervening
- Continue to serve pax but no alcohol
- Consider securing the cabin for diversionary landing
Hijacking
- On the Ground
- Expect authorise to take control
- Do not be a cowboy
- Be observant and keep authorities full informed
- Try and convince the hijackers to let pax go
- Keep all doors, galleys and aisles clear and free form obstruction
- And please don’t develop Stockholm Syndrome
Dangerous Goods
Limitied Quantities
- Personal smoking material
- Dry ice
- Perfume
- Bottles of alcohol
i. 2 per person - Medical O2
- Aerosol cans
- Electric wheelchairs
- Butane curling irons
IATA Dangerous Goods Classifications
Class 1
Explosives
IATA Dangerous Goods Classifications
Class 2
Gases
IATA Dangerous Goods Classifications
Class 3
Flammable Liquids
IATA Dangerous Goods Classifications
Class 4
Flammable Solids
IATA Dangerous Goods Classifications
Class 5
Oxidising Substances/ Organic Peroxides
IATA Dangerous Goods Classifications
Class 6
Posionous Toxic/ Infectionus Substances
IATA Dangerous Goods Classifications
Class 7
Radioactive Substance
IATA Dangerous Goods Classifications
Class 8
Corrosives
IATA Dangerous Goods Classifications
Class 9
Misecellaneous Forms
Electrical Power Failure
- Remain calm
- Use flashlight
- Contact Capt. And request of use of EEL
- If yes, place EELS on
- Turn Galley power off
- If requested requested to notify pax use megaphone not PA
Pilot Incapacitation
- Move the incapacitated pilot
i. Remove hands of the steering
ii. Support him in a upright sitting position - Unlock and pull the seat and the pilot to the furthest rearward position of seat travel
i. Lock seat in this position - If required, remain on flight deck to assist w/ incapacitated pilot.
i. Chick if first aid and/or oxygen is required
ii. Loosen tie and collar - Make sure that incapacitated pilots arms are secured away form controls
i. Feet should also be away from pedals
Turbulence
- Flight Deck will attempt to make PA
i. “Cabin Crew please discontinue cabin service and return to your seats”.
Rejected Take Off
- The discontinuation of takeoff because of safety reasons
- Flight deck announcements
1. “CCM and PAXs remain seated”
2. “Release your seat belts and get out!”
Rejected Landing or Missed Approached
- An reject landing or missed approach refers to the discontinuation of the landing process for safety related reasons
- CCMs are required to remain seated, be alert and await information
Decompression Annoument
- “Fasten your seat belts, use Oxygen”
Crew Resource Management
CRM
Intergraded training in communication techniques and disciplines between the Flight Deck and the Cabin Crew in efforts to eliminate any difucties or barriers, which may inhibit effective communication; in a word, teamwork.
Signs of Rapid decompression maybe:
- Pain in the ears and sinuses
- Air sucked out of lungs
- Joint pain
- Tunnel vision
- Mist forming in the cabin
- Air becomes cold and thin
- Disturbance of dust and loose papers
- Deployed oxygen mask
Signs of Slow decompression
- Dizziness
- Blurred vision
- Extreme fatigue
CCM Rapid Decompression Procedure
- Secure yourself and advise pax to fasten their seat belt
- Prepare for possible activation of the a/c O2 supply
- Look and listen for escaping air from cabin
- Keep away from problem area
- Question each other for symptoms
- Keep Flight Deck advised of any unusual or excessive noise/ vibration
USEFUL Consciousness
20 000ft
5 minutes
USEFUL Consciousness
25 000ft
2 minutes
USEFUL Consciousness
28 000ft
1 minute
USEFUL Consciousness
30 000ft
45 seconds
USEFUL Consciousness
35 000ft
30 seconds
USEFUL Consciousness
40 000ft
18 seconds
Treatment of Hypoxia
- O2 must be administered within 5 minutes
Fire Fighting Equipment
- Halon Extinguisher
- Use on any class of fire - PBE
- Used for dense smoke purposes - Fire Gloves
- Used to prevent injury to hands for hot materials - Crash Axe
- Used to make small incision in lavatory door to inset Halon nozzle
Signs of Fire/Smoke
Flight Deck must be informed
Helpful hints during fire fighting
- Use shallow breathing techniques
- When moving around a smoke filled cabin, stay low
- Check pax need any held due smoke inhalation
- Check to see if smoke is clearing
- Open air vents - Complete a Cabin Incident Report
- SCCM is to conduct a debriefing
Classification of fire
- Class A Combustible Materials
- Paper, wood, fabric, some plastics
- Water / Halon - Class B Flammable liquid
- Gasoline, oil based fluids, gasses
- Halon - Class C Live electrical
- Electrical Circuits, galley ovens, motors, switches
- Halon
Lavatory Fire
- Identify the class of fire
- Collect fire fighting equipment
- Look for heat by placing the back of you hand on the door
- Feel for heat by placing the back of your hand on the door
Lavatory Fire - Smoke/heat not evident
- Gently open the lavatory door and prepare to use halon
2. Locate the source and take action
Lavatory Fire - Smoke/heat Present
- Do not open the door
- Don protective fire fighting equipment
- Halon ready
- Crack door slowly
- Crouch low
- Use door as a shield
- Discharge contents - Wait a few minutes before getting more fighting gear
- Check for smoke
- If possible enter and check for source - If necessary, use another extinguisher
- Leave door open
- If unable to enter, use Axe to make small opening in the door.
- If cabin fills with smoke
- Instruct PAX to get down on the floor and cover nose and mouth with wet cloth
- Breath shallow
H.E.L.P. Positon
Heat Escape Lessening Position
Aircraft Fire Coat Closet/Valet Fire
- Clear area
- Classify the fire
- Use the Halon
- Use water. Non-flammable liquid to dampen the surround area to prevent re-ignition
Aircraft Fire Situation Oven Fires
- Turn off oven
- Trip the circuit breaker
- Do not reset - Discharge a small burst of halon
- Carefully open the door again and check to see if the fire is extinguished
- Should the fire re-ignite
- Keep the oven door closed after discharging the halon and clear the area of personnel
Aircraft Fire Volatile Liquids
- Prevent ignition of volatile liquids at all cost
- Turn off all galley power
- Trip all galley circuit breakers
- Relocate halon and all other fire fighting equipment closer to area
- Keep the area around the liquid soaked with H2O or non-flammable liquids
- Relocate PAX if possible
Aircraft Seat Fire
- Saturate the surrounding are with H2O
- To help smother the flames and extinguish the fire
- Kick seat back fwd - Use the Halon
Aircraft Ballast Fire
- Inset the nozzle of the halon into the light covering and discharge
- Do not remove entire cover
Refuelling/Defueling with PAXs
- The Fwd. PAX entry Door Open
- The Rear door must be manned and the ground below must be free from obstructions
- No Smoking Sign must be on
- Fasten Seat Belt Sign must be Off
- There must be sufficient interior light to enable the Emergency Exits are identified
- The SCCR must notify Flight Deck/ Refuelling Supervisor if any sign of fuel vapours.
Cabin Crew Fire Drills
Fire Team
Fire Fighter
- The 1st member of the crew to come fire
- Id Source
- Switch off electrical supply
- Get fire fighting equip.
- Attack fire
Cabin Crew Fire Drills
Fire Team
Communicator
• Responsible to alert the Capt and SCCM and keep them informed
o Who is speaking and from which entry door
o Where the fire is located
o The source and class of fire once id
o How many fire extinguishers used
o Reaction and situation of paxs
Cabin Crew Fire Drills
Fire Team
Coordinator
• Take charge of the overall sit. And responsible
o Assisting the “Fire Fighter” By bringing her or him backup equipment
o Removing the portable oxygen bottles for the area
o Keep The “communicator” informed
o Organizing any other crew member and assigning tasks
o Ensuring that the fire is extinguished and the surround area is dampened
o The “Coordinator” must report to the Capt.
Bracing Position
For CCM
i. Sit on hand
ii. Back and head against back of seat
Brace Positon for PAX
i. Safety Features Card
ii. The Upper body should be bent fwd, chest squeezing to knees
iii. Legs should be inclining of aft, feet flat. And legs slightly apart
iv. Seat Belt should be as tight as possible
Brace Positon for PAX w/ Infants
i. If under 2 and using supp loops
• Hold the child, bracing their head and back with you arms diagonally across your body and lean forward.
ii. Child in 6months to three using approved car type seats must be secured in them
Brace Positon for PAX w/ Children
i. Child must assume standard brace position
Brace Position Pregnant or Obese PAX
i. Feet flat and shoulder distance apart
ii. Seat belt low and tight
iii. Place hands on top of the head
iv. Lean fwd as much as possible
v. Place head down and fwd
Evacuation of Handicapped
1. One Rescuer
i. Stand behind
ii. Bring your arm under the passenger’s arm
iii. Drag pax to exit
iv. Do not twist or bend neck or back of pax
Evacuation of Handicapped
Two Rescuer
i. One rescuer places his/her arms under the pax’s arm and wraps his/her arms around the pax’s chest
ii. The 2nd rescuer clasps his/her arms under the pax’s knees
iii. Both rescuers lift and carry passenger to the exit
