Chapt. 4/5 Water Quality, Water Shed, and Ground Water Flashcards
Groundwater is how much of our drinking water in the US?
1/3rd
Ground surface is divided into three zones…..
unsaturated zone
zone of saturation
water table
The capallary fringe is the?
Header or water table top
Vadose water is?
water trapped between the soil after gravitational water subsides
An artesian well is?
a well which is tapped into the confined aquifer and it could have pressure behind it
CERCLA stands for?
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation
and Liability Act 1980
Tax on industry
Fund used to clean up past contaminations
RCRA stands for?
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act 1980/1984
Prevent future contaminations
Porosity is?
The pore space soil has in it. Can be high porosity and be low permeability.
Permeability is?
The ability for water to move through soil
What is the porosity and permeability of these soil types? Clay Crystaline Ignious Rock Quartz sandstone Glacial till
Clay: High porosity Low permability
Crystaline Ignious Rock: Low porosity Low permability
Quartz sandstone: High porosity High permability
Glacial till: Low porosity Low permability
Diffusion means?
To spread out through surface
Dispersion mean?
Distrubution of a wide area
Retardation means?
slowness of chemical or pollutent through system
100 year storm means it happens how often?
1/100 chance it can happen every year on average happens once in every 100 years.
Whats are the three river types and description?
Ephemeral - only during high rains or flood years
Intermittent - sometimes during run off seasons
Perennial - all year round
What are the three most common types of river flow patterns?
Barided
Ox bow
Meander
What is a glacier run off lake called?
Cirque
Whats is a retreating, dried up lake called?
Pluvial
What is glacier indent made lakes called?
kettle
What time of year do lake mixing happen?
Autumn and spring because
in summer warm water is on top and cold is on bottom and winter cold water is on top and warm water is on bottom.
Larger amount of development, water tends to have higher?
High runoff
Higher infilteration
Q=ciA which means and is used for?
Q= peak flow c = run off coefficent i = intensity of rainfall A = area of watershed Predicting overflow and flooding events
What surface areas have the greatest runoff?
Asphalt 95%
Concret 95%
Roofs 100%
Can you develope in a 100 year flood way?
No but you can develope in a 100 year flood plain because of the less chance to hit the area.
What are some of the problems we have with groundwater?
High mineral content H2S, Fe, Mn
High hardness Calcium, Limestone
No disolved oxygen
What is Darcys Law?
Q = Kf x h/L x A Flow = Hydrallic Conductivity x height of water between two points/distance between points x area
Volocity equation is?
V = d/t Volocity = distance/ time
Actual porosity is figured out by what equation?
V1= (Kf x h/l)/N
Actual porsity = (hydrallic conductivity x height between to wells head/distance between two wells)/ porosity of soil
What are the three major energy sources in the US?
Petroleum 37%
Natural Gas 35%
Coal 21%
How much water is lost through leaking pipes in the US?
7 billion gallons
