Chapt 3 Arn & Bogg Flashcards
The nursing process uses a method of systematic steps:
assessment before planning, planning before intervention, and evaluation.
What does think stand fo r
Total recall habit inquiry new ideas knowledge of self
What does the utilitarian/goal-based model say
actions should be made to achieve the highest level of wellfare for the majority
What does the duty baseed model say
the “rightness” of an action is determined by other factors in addition to its outcome
What does the human rights based model say
our actions need to be centered around the clients rights
What are the three ethical principles used for decision making
autonomy
beneficence
justice
What does autonomy state
you must provide clients with all the relevant and accurate information they need to make an “informed” decision on whether they agree to treatments.
What does beneficence state
Beneficence implies that a decision results in the greatest good or produces the least harm to the client.
What does justice state
it implies being fair
What are some example of scenarios that have justice dilemas
unnecessary treatment- are all treatments truly necessary
social worth- who gets the last melon, regardless of their history
Veracity- its not okay to lie, but if we have information that can cause emotional distress to a client, should it be withheld or avoided
What did nightinggale say are the five envirionmental factors she thought were improtant for recovering from illness
fressh air pure water efficient drainage cleanliness light
What general concepts did nightingale she say that are still a part of nursing today
ventilation cleanliness-like washing hands quiet warmth diet
What is peplau’s theory about
the interpersonal relationship between the nurse and client
In peplau’s theory how does the interpersonal relationship between nurse and client evolve?
orientation- nurse assists the client in understanding the problem and the extent of help they need
identification- the client assumes a posture of dependence, and the nurse focuses on ensuring the client that she/he understands the interpersonal meaning of the their situation
Exploitation- client takes full value from what the nurse offers and the client starts using available services based on self interest
Resolution- goals are met and new ones created
What is the message behind peplaus model
to help clients nurses assume many roles to fulfill clients needs and that these interpersonal relationships are therapeutic
What does Hendersons definiton of nursing build off of
nightingales def
Henderson conceptualized that
the nurses role as assisting sick or healthy by meeting 14 fundemental needs Breathing normally Diet Eliminating body waste Maintaining a desirable position Sleeping Suitable clothing Maintaining normal body temp Cleanliness avoiding dangers Communication with others Worship Working in a way to give a feeling of accomplishment Playing satisfying curiosity
What type of theory is peplaus and henderson
interactive theories
What does rogers theory of the unitary human being claim
humans are dynamic energy fields that interact with environmental energy fields
What are the characteristics of the unitary man
irreducible
manifest characteristics different from the sum of the parts
interacts continuously with the envirionment
behaves as a totality
participates creatively in change
Nurses that apply rogers theory of the unitary human being do what
focus on the persons wholeness
promotes symphonic interaction between the human and environment
matches the human field with the rhythmicities of the environment to promote maximum health
What is leiningers cultural care diversity and universality theory
caring is the essence of nursign and that the way caring is expressed is mostly culturally derived
leininger proposed what three models for assisting people of diverse cultures
cultural care preservation and maintenance
cultural care accommodation
cultural care restructuring and re-patterning
What model did leininger create to depict her theory
the sunrise model
What does the sunrise model state
health and care are influenced by elements of social structure like technology, religion, cultural values, educational factors, and social systems.
How does Roy define adaptation
the process and outcome where the person uses conscious awareness and choice to create human and environmental integration
Roys theory is considered what to the nursing profession
its infrastructure
What does Roys model focus on
The individual as an adaptive system, constantly reading inputs and outputs, that require modification to adapt
What do these steps help with
critical thinking
What is Roy’s goal with her models
adaptation through her four adaptation models
What are the four modes of adaptation and explain
physiological mode- deals with the maintenance of the physical body
self-concept adaptive mode- two components- physical self, which involves body image- personal self, which involves self-ideals
role function mode- the need for duties to perform in society
Interdependence mode- ones relationships that provide help and affection
What does Roy claim about her modes of adapation
individuals respond to needs in one of the four modes
What is orems theory
three concepts
self care- activites, basic needs, activities for basic needs, and other people that contribute to well-being
self care deficit- lack of ability to do other things or other people for help
nursing systems-
What does self care in orems theory break into
self care- the activities the person does to promote well being for themselves
self care agency- the ability to perform self care activities (themself and a dependent that provides care)
self care req’s- basic life needs, ability to adapt, seeking help when needed
therapeutic
What are the five methods of helping in orems theory
acting or doing for guiding teaching supporting providing optimal environment
What are the three nursing systems that the five methods in orems theory can be used in
Wholly compensatory systems- for people who cant control or monitor environment
Partly compensatory- for partly independent people
Supportive-educative- people who need to learn how to perform self care activities and need help doing so
What type of theory is leininger and rogers
developmental
What type of theory is Roys
systems theory and grand theory
What are the three decision making models in ethics
utilitarian/goal based model
duty based model
human rights based model
