Chapt. 28 Drugs; Parkinsons and Movement Disorders

Question 1

What are the different types of movement disorders?

Answer 1

Parkinsonism, Huntington’s disease, Wilson’s disease,

and Gilles de la Tourette’s syndrome.

Question 2

What are the different drug classes used to treat Parkinsonism

Answer 2

Dopamine precursor
Dopamine agonists
MAO inhibitors
COMT inhibitors
Muscarinic antagonists

Question 3

Which drugs are classified as Dopamine Precursors and what disorder are they used to treat?

Answer 3

Levodopa; Parkinsonism

Question 4

Which drugs are classified as Dopamine Agonists and what disorder are they used to treat?

Answer 4

Bromocriptine and pramipexole; Parkinsonism

Question 5

Which drugs are classified as MAO Inhibitors and what disorder are they used to treat?

Answer 5

Selegiline; Parkinsonism

Question 6

Which drugs are classified as COMT Inhibitors and what disorder are they used to treat?

Answer 6

Entacapone; Parkinsonism

Question 7

Which drugs are classified as Muscarinic antagonists and what disorder are they used to treat?

Answer 7

Benztropine

Question 8

What are 4 movement disorders?

Answer 8

Tremors, Huntingon’s and Tourette’s, and Wilson’s disease

Question 9

What drug is used to treat Tremors

Answer 9

Propranolol

Question 10

What drugs are used to treat Huntington’s and Tourettee’s?

Answer 10

Haloperidol and Tetrabenzaine

Question 11

What drug is used to treat Wilson’s disease?

Answer 11

Penicillamine

Question 12

What is Parkinsonism (paralysis agitans)?

Answer 12

A common movement disorder that involves dysfunction in the basal ganglia and associated brain structures.

Question 13

What are signs of Parkinsonism?

Answer 13

RAFT:
Rigidity of skeletal muscles
Akinesia (or bradykinesia)
Flat facies
Tremor at rest

Question 14

What are pathologic characteristics of Naturally Occurring Parkinsonism?

Answer 14

Decreased levels of striatal dopamine and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal tract that normally inhibits the activity of stratal GABAergic neurons.

Question 15

What subclass are most postsynaptic dopamine receptors on GABAergic neurons?

Answer 15

D2 subclass (negatively coupled to
adenylyl cyclase)

Question 16

In naturally occurring parkinsonism, the reduction of normal dopaminergic neurotransmission leads to what?

Answer 16

Excessive excitatory actions of cholinergic neurons on

striatal GABAergic neurons; thus, dopamine and acetylcholine activities are out of balance.

Question 17

Drug induced Parkinsonism is irreversible due to permanent loss of function of neuroglia? (T/F)

Answer 17

False.

Drug-Induced Parkinsonism symptoms are usually reversible.

Question 18

What are the most important drugs related to Drug-Induced Parkinsonism, and why?

Answer 18

butyrophenone and phenothiazine antipsychotic drugs; they block brain dopamine receptors.