Chapt 23- Promoting Aspesis/Preventing Disease

Question 1

Portal of Entry

Answer 1

site where pathogen enters and causes infection

Question 2

Where do pathogens enter and leave the body

Answer 2

Through the same location they came

Question 3

Why is skin important

Answer 3

1 protection from Pathogens

Question 4

cilia

Answer 4

in nose and resp tract and hold onto them and prevent infection

Question 5

vector

Answer 5

caused by parasites- typical mosquitoes, flies, ticks, lice

Question 6

susceptible host

Answer 6

The human person

Question 7

What can help us prevent being a host

Answer 7

staying healthy, eating right

Question 8

Who are susceptible host

Answer 8

cancer pts, auto immune d/o

Question 9

Classifying infection points

Answer 9

Site, Source, Starting Point, How long

Question 10

Two def of Site

Answer 10

Localized- certain loctation

Systemic- all over body

Question 11

Starting point

Answer 11

Primary Vs Secondary

Question 12

Primary Infection

Answer 12

first time exposed to infection, less affected SECOND time infected due to antibodies

Question 13

What happens in primary

Answer 13

No antibodies and no defenses

Question 14

Secondary Infection

Answer 14

Infection during or after treatment of some OTHER infection

Question 15

Examples of Secondary Infection

Answer 15

1. vagina yeast infection post antibiotics

2.

Question 16

Endo vs Exogenous infection

Answer 16

Person’s on body vs infected from outside source of body

Question 17

Acute Infection

Answer 17

rapin onset and is resolved in several days

Question 18

Chronic Infections causes

Answer 18

viruses

Question 19

Examples of Chronic

Answer 19

Hep, herpes, and epstein barr virus

Question 20

Latent Infection

Answer 20

dormant infections

Question 21

Examples of Latent

Answer 21

Herpes, Mono, Shingles

Question 22

Incubation period

Answer 22

generally in acute disease, initial entry into host(pt unaware pathogen is developing

Question 23

Incubation virus example

Answer 23

Strep Throat- prior exposed and onset later of virus

Question 24

Infectious Stages

Answer 24

Incubation, Prodromal, Illness, Decline, Convalescence

Question 25

Prodromal Period

Answer 25

After incubation, pathogens multiple and symptoms begin

Question 26

Illness Stage

Answer 26

Full blown illness and symptoms

Question 27

Decline Stage

Answer 27

Pathogens are declining but pt at risk for SECONDARY infection here

Question 28

Convalescence Stage

Answer 28

Pt's body goes back to normal, some LONG TERM affects may remain ( ex- hearing lose)

Question 29

Epidemic

Answer 29

affect large number of people in ONE are

Question 30

Pandemic

Answer 30

Epidemic that has spread all over

Question 31

Drug Resistance bacteria

Answer 31

MRSA(staph aureus) VRE-enterocci CDIFF

Question 32

MSRA

Answer 32

``` -lives on skin and nose dormant in healthy person -treat differently then normal meds -spreads by skin to skin, clothing, environment -Aggressive hand washing to get off ```

Question 33

VRE-enterococci

Answer 33

- Lives in intestine and female genital tract - Spread when in the hospital and failure to control - LEADING cause of healthcare acquired bacteria, wounds and UTI - Risks- weakened immune, surgical procedure, catheters

Question 34

CDIFF

Answer 34

- New virulent strain which can lead to death - thrives in hospital environments and wrong prescriptions being prescribed - CONTACT PRECAUTION - Very strong Oder - WASH with SOAP and WATER to kill SPORES - USE bleach- cleaning disinfectant

Question 35

Bodies defenses against infection

Answer 35

Mucus Membranes- Skin,Respiratory, Eyes, Mouth, GI and GU tract

Question 36

Skin

Answer 36

- Biggest organ of defense - tough, resilient and layers - Normal Flora inhibits pathogens from entering

Question 37

Resp Tract

Answer 37

Nares, trachea and bronchi traps pathogens | -Nares- upper pathway protection via cilia and cough clears them

Question 38

Eyes

Answer 38

lac gland produces tears

Question 39

Mouth

Answer 39

saliva has lysosomes that wash microbes | -normal flora helps too

Question 40

GI Tract

Answer 40

- acidic environment and bile kills pathogens - probiotics help with increasing normal flora - Diarrhea and vomiting are F.L of defense to help secrete those pathogens

Question 41

Gu Tract

Answer 41

-protective mucus membrane -urine has high acidity and lysozymes mucus mem in vagina, and anus help keep pathogens away

Question 42

Secondary Defenses

Answer 42

Phagocytosis, complement cascade, inflammation and fever

Question 43

Phagocytosis

Answer 43

enfulf pathogens and kill

Question 44

Complement Cascade

Answer 44

- Proteins called complements trigger chemicals and cause rupture of pathogens - Complements also signal basophils to release histamine and promote INFLAMMATION

Question 45

Inflammation

Answer 45

- blood vessel dilate and become more permeable for basophils - warmth - fluid leading= edema

Question 46

Fever

Answer 46

- low grade are necessary for natural defense | - DON'T treat until 102F

Question 47

Active Immunity

Answer 47

Occurs when OWN body makes antibodies

Question 48

Passive Immunity

Answer 48

Given antibiotics rather than producing their own antibodies

Question 49

Specific Immunity

Answer 49

immune cells in body recognize and destroy pathogen

Question 50

Lymphocytes (WBC) types

Answer 50

B cells and T cells | -Lymphs are stores in spleen

Question 51

Antigens

Answer 51

Molecules that trigger specific immunity response

Question 52

Factors that influence patient's infection

Answer 52

Age, immuno- compromised