Chapt 16 Flashcards
Within a Linux terminal, you want to see all the files on your system in long format (using the –l option), including any hidden files (which requires the –a option). Which command should you use?
A) ls –a | ls ‐l
B) ls –s; ls ‐l
C) ls ‐la
D) ls –a\ls ‐l
ls -la
C. The command ls ‐la will list all the files in a long format. The command ls ‐a | ls‐l will not work. ls ‐s; ls ‐a will show two listings: one with the size and the other with all the files. The ls ‐a\ls ‐l command will show two listings—one with all the files and the other in a long format—but it will not show all the files in a long format.
Which of the following allows you to see all running programs in macOS?
A) Keychain
B) Mission Control
C) Finder
D) Force Quit
Mission Control
B. Mission Control is a quick way on macOS to view what is currently running. Keychain is a tool that saves credentials so that the user does not need to be prompted. The Finder is the macOS equivalent to Windows File Explorer. Force Quit is a function of the macOS for killing a process.
As part of your training program, you’re trying to convince users to make backups on a regular basis. Which Apple app can be used to make backups of various types on a regular basis?
A) Time Machine
B) Finder
C) VSS
D) Keychain
Time Machine
A. Time Machine is the Apple application that can be used to create backups on a regular basis. The Finder is the macOS equivalent to Windows File Explorer. VSS is a Windows technology that is used to create snapshots of a volume. Keychain is a tool that saves credentials so that the user does not need to be prompted.
Which of the following Linux commands/utilities can be used to edit a file?
A) ps
B) nano
C) rm
D) ls
nano
B. The nano command is used to edit files. The ps command lists processes running. The rm command removes files or directories. The ls command lists files and folders in the filesystem.
Which of the following Linux commands/utilities can be used to edit an Ethernet connection’s configuration settings?
A) dd
B) apt‐get
C) ip
D) pwd
ip
C. The ip command can be used to edit an Ethernet connection’s configuration settings. The dd command is used to duplicate disks. The apt‐get command is used with the APT package management system for downloading packages. The pwd command shows the current working directory.
Which of the following is a macOS feature for password management?
A) Spotlight
B) Keychain
C) Dock
D) Gestures
Keychain
B. Keychain is a tool that saves credentials so that the user does not need to be prompted. Spotlight is a utility in macOS that allows a search of the operating system and Internet for search terms. The Dock is the macOS application menu that is located on the bottom of the screen. Gestures allow you to use more than one finger on the trackpad to perform different functions.
The interpreter in Linux between the operating system and the user is known as the _______.
A) Shell
B) Translator
C) Login
D) GUI
Shell
A. The shell is the interpreter in Linux between the operating system and the user. The translator is a wrong answer. Login is something you perform to access the shell. The graphical user interface (GUI) does not interpret commands and therefore is not considered an interpreter.
What type of backup is kept on site at the computer center for immediate recovery purposes?
A) On‐path attack
B) Cloud copies
C) Journal copies
D) Working copies
Working copies
D. Working copies are backups that are kept on site at the computer center for immediate recovery purposes. An on‐path attack is an attack where an eavesdropper listens between two people or devices. Cloud copies are backups that are sent to cloud storage and cannot be immediately recovered. Journal copies is a wrong answer.
Which of the following utilities can be used in Linux to download patches for installation on a workstation?
A) update
B) Shell/terminal
C) apt
D) patch
apt
C. The apt utility can be used to download and apply patches to a Linux installation. The update command is not a utility. Shell/terminal is an interface for interacting with the operating system with the command line. The patch command is not a utility.
Which of the following commands can be used to change the owner of a file to a new owner in Linux?
A) cd
B) chmod
C) chown
D) pwd
chown
C. The chown command is used to change ownership of a file. The cd command changes the working directory. The chmod command changes permissions on files. The pwd command displays the current working directory.
Which Linux utility can be used to check and repair disks?
A) fsck
B) chkdsk
C) du
D) dumgr
fsck
A. The fsck Linux utility is used to check and repair disks. The chkdsk utility is a Windows utility used to check and repair disks. The du utility is used to show the current disk usage. dumgr is not a utility and is a wrong answer.
Your iPad has an application that will not stop running. What feature/tool can you use to stop it?
A) kill
B) Force Quit
C) Task Manager
D) Close Quit
Force Quit
B. By pressing the Home button twice on an iPad, you can Force Quit an application that will not stop running. The kill utility can be used only at the command line of Linux/macOS. The Task Manager is a Windows utility. Close Quit is not a feature and therefore a wrong answer.
Which of the following is the most common shell used with Linux?
A) Tcl/Tk
B) Terminal
C) Bash
D) SSH
Bash
C. Bash is the most common command‐line shell used with Linux. Tcl/Tk is a shell used with Linux, but it is very uncommon. Terminal is a utility used to access the command‐line shell. SSH, or Secure Shell, is a secure protocol used to access the shell over a network.
What is the name of the area at the bottom of a macOS screen where, by default, a bar of crucial icons appears?
A) Footer
B) Mission Control
C) Taskbar
D) Dock
dock
D. The Dock is the area at the bottom of the macOS screen that is used to launch applications. The footer is not a valid answer. Mission Control is a macOS feature that allows you to see all the applications running. The Taskbar is a Windows Desktop element that is used to track running applications and quickly launch them.
Which key combination can you use to bring up Spotlight from within an app?
A) Control+Shift
B) Option+Tab
C) Command+spacebar
D) Alt+Home
Command+spacebar
C. The Command+spacebar key combination will bring up the Spotlight utility. Control+Shift, Option+Tab, and Alt+Home are wrong answers.
Which Linux command can be used to let you run a single command as another user?
A) sudo
B) su
C) passwd
D) ifconfig
sudo
A. The sudo command can be used to run a single command as another user. The su command allows you to change user logins at the command line. The passwd command changes the user’s password. The ifconfig command allows you to view and modify the wired network interface.
Which of the following Linux commands will show you a list of running processes?
A) ls
B) cat
C) ps
D) su
ps
C. The ps command will display a snapshot of the current running processes on a Linux operating system. The ls command will display a listing of files from the working directory. The cat command will display the contents of a file. The su command allows you to change user logins at the command line.
You are currently in a Linux terminal session and in the /home/testuser/documents/mail directory. Which command will take you to /home/testuser/documents?
A) cd .
B) cd ..
C) cd . . .
D) cd ∼
cd ..
B. The command cd .. will take you one level back from the current working directory. The command cd . will do nothing, because the period signifies the current working directory. The command cd . . . is not a valid command. The command cd ~ will change directories to the home directory of the user.
If the permissions for a file are rwxrw‐r––, what permissions apply for a user who is a member of the group to which the owner belongs?
A) Read, write, and execute
B) Read and write
C) Read only
D) No access
Read and write
B. The effective permissions are read and write. From left to right, the permissions are rwx for the user, rw‐ for the group, and r‐‐ for everyone else. Since the user is only a member of the group applied to the file, they will have read and write permissions.
What does the –p option with mkdir do?
A) Prompts the user before creating files
B) Prompts the user before creating subfolders
C) Creates subfolders as well as folders
D) None of the above
Creates subfolders as well as folders
C. The ‐p option on the mkdir command allows subfolders to be created as well as the target folder. All other answers are incorrect.
frequently used applications can be launched in macOS from the _____
Dock
____ is used to store backup media in the event the primary location suffers a catastrophe.
offsite storage
what is a valid reason for keeping firmware updated?
to patch security holes that may be found
____ is a password management system from apple
keychain
the _____ macOS utility allows a user to manage stored credentials.
keychain
to edit text files, such as configuration files, _____ can be used for backup and cloud storage on apple operating systems.
iCloud
the ____ utility on macOS can be used to search for documents and applications
spotlight
which macOS feature allows you to view all running applications?
mission control
what is a search feature within macOS?
spotlight is a search feature within macOS, and it is represented by the magnifying glass icon in the upper-right corner of the menu bar
the ____ command in linux allows you to view the contents of a text file
cat
in linux, the ___ allows you to interact with the system at the command line
terminal or command prompt
the ____ command allows you to change a user’s password in linux
passwd
which linux utility can be used with wildcards to find matches for a regular expression in a text file?
grep
_____ is a simple text editor for Linux
pico
if you type pwd at a linux command line, what will be the result?
the shell will echo back the present working directory
if you type passwd at the command prompt in linux, what will be the result
you will be prompted to change your password
what linux command do you use to run one command with elevated privileges?
sudo
what command can be used in Linux to change the permissions of an existing file?
chmod
the chmod Linux command is used to ____
change permissions
the ____ Linux command allows you to copy blocks of data from one device to another.
dd
the wireless equivalent to the ifconfig command in a linux environment is _____ command.
iwconfig
the linux command chmod a+r filename will assign which permissions?
read permissions to all
a file on a Linux workstation has the permissions of rw-r-x–x; what are the permissions the user is assigned?
read / write
the ____ linux command allows you to view the current working directory.
pwd
how can the users access files on a CD or DVD installed on one remote machine in macOS?
A) by using spotlight
B) by using finder
C) by using dock
D) by using remote disc
by using remote disc
which of these allows the users to provide full disk encryption to prevent unauthorized access to the information contained on the device during startup?
A) macOS disk utility
B) force quit
C) filevault
D) snapshot
FileVault
allows the users to provide full disk encryption to prevent unauthorized access to the info contained on the device during startup. filevault uses XTS-AES-128 with a 256-bit key
john wants to evaluate, test and deploy software updates. which of the following management techniques will he use?
A) patch
B) change
C) asset
D) privilege
patch
in patch management, software updates are evaluated for their applicability to an environment and then tested in a safe way on non-production systems.
which linux command is used to rename a file at the command line?
A) cp
B) chown
C) rd
D) mv
mv
rd - remove a directory in DOS
cp - will copy a file or directory
chown - will change the ownership of a file or directory
you need to check which applications on macOS have the right to see your photos. which applet in system preferences will show you the information?
A) accessibility
B) displays
C) networks
D) security and privacy
security and privacy
which linux utility can be used to check and repair disks?
A) dumgr
B) du
C) chkdsk
D) fsck
fsck
chkdsk - checks and repairs the disk in windows
du - used to show the current disk usage
dumgr - is not a utility
if the permissions for a file are rwxrw-r–, what permissions apply for a user who is a member of the group to which the owner belongs?
A) read and write
B) read only
C) no access
D) read, write and execute
read and write
rwx for the user
rw- for the group
r– for everyone else
since the user is only a member of the group applied to the file, they will have read and write permissions.
which of the following linux commands helps the users to find files with specific words or phrases?
A) cat
B) grep
C) vi
D) ps
grep - used to search for a pattern of text in files and display the results.
in which version of the following macOS X versions was the dark mode introduced?
A) 10.11 el capitan
B) 10.14 mojave
C) 10.13 high sierra
D) 10.12 sierra
10.14 mojave
what does the -p option with mkdir do?
A) creates subfolders as well as folders
B) prompts the user before creating subfolders
C) prompts the user before creating files
D) none of these
creates subfolders as well as folders
you need to quickly see all of the running applications in macOS. which key sequence should you use?
A) mission control key
B) command + T
C) command control key
D) command + spacebar
mission control key
which of the following linux commands displays the contents of a file?
A) nano
B) grep
C) cat
D) find
cat - displays the contents of a file. it can also be used to concatenate multiple files
grep - searches for regular expressions in a text file.
nano - is a text based editor for files
the interpreter in linux between the OS and the user is known as the ____
A) translator
B) login
C) GUI
D) shell
shell
What is the Mac shortcut for opening the applications folder?
Shift + command + A
____ backups, sometimes referred to as _____, are partial or full backups that are kept at the computer center for immediate recovery purposes.
Working copy
Shadow copy
What type of file system includes a log file of all changes and transactions that have occurred within a set. Of time such as the last few hours?
Journaled file system JFS
If the operating system takes an increasing amount of time to retrieve files, what should you do?
Defragment hard drive
The _____ vulnerability scanner will query The Local Host to see if a patch for a given vulnerability has been applied
nessus
What Mac feature allows you to perform a backup of your data to an external drive
Time machine
The macOS ___ can be used to create an image of the macOS operating system
Disk utility
macOS or Linux terminal command which shows how much disk space is in use
du
macOS or Linux terminal command which shows how much disk space is free
df
macOS or Linux terminal command which checks and repairs disks
fsck
In mac and Linux you can use the ____ command to learn more about any command line utility
man
The most popular shell for Linux is?
Bash = Bourne Again Shell
VNC
Virtual Network Computing
When an application becomes unresponsive in Mac what can you use to close that application?
Force quit
What is the Mac shortcut for:
force quit?
Option + Command + Esc
___ allows you to configure disk level encryption to protect your files in the event the device is lost (Mac)
FileVault
The ___ feature allows you to customize macOS to support requirements such as vision, hearing, or motor skills.
Accessibility
What allows you to see all the applications running on one screen on Mac OS?
Mission Control
What is the password management system from Apple called?
Keychain
The search feature within macOS is called?
Spotlight
What lets you browse through files and folders in macOS?
Finder
In command line, in Linux, what would you use to search for a name in a password file?
grep ‘‘John Doe’’ /etc/passwd
What Linux command displays the content of a file?
cat
What Linux command changes file permissions?
chmod
What Linux command changes the file owner and group?
chown
What command deletes a file in Linux terminal?
rm
What Linux command displays the current directory?
pwd
A Linux text based editor for files is called?
Nano
Linux command for the DNS query utility?
dig
Linux command to display a list of current running processes
ps
Linux terminal command to terminate a process
Kill
In Linux a group of packages that are available for download is called a?
Repository
What package manager is used to update and install packages for red hat-based Linux distributions, such as red hat Enterprise server, fedora, CentOS?
YUM
yellowdog updater modified
Linux command to change the current directory to your home directory
cd ~
____ Indicates the current directory, whereas ____ indicates the parent directory
. Current
.. Parent
rwx — —
Controls the read/wright and execute permissions of the?
Owner
— rwx —
Controls the read/wright and execute permissions of?
Any user belonging to that file’s group
rwxr–r–
Makes the file readable by?
Everyone
chmod a+r *
Will do what?
Gives everyone read access to all the files in a directory
chmod a+x password.file
Will do what?
Permit everyone to execute the specific file
To copy the entire contents of a directory, including all subdirectories and their contents, to another directory use the command?
cp - ar sourcedir destdir
To view the contents of a file use what command?
Cat
To create an entire directory tree use what command?
mkdir -p /usr/src/book/java/examples/applets
What command will remove an empty directory tree?
rmdir -p /usr/src/book/java
This command removes the empty parent directories of applets. The command stops when it encounters a directory that is not empty
What is the Linux command to see the status of the IP configuration?
ifconfig
What Linux command can be used to view the state of the wireless network?
iwconfig
You can view such important information as the link quality, access point Mac address, data rate, and encryption keys
What tools in windows and Linux have become an adopted standard for name resolution testing?
Windows: nslookup
Linux: dig ( domain information grouper)
