Chapt 16 Flashcards by Christopher Laczko

Within a Linux terminal, you want to see all the files on your system in long format (using the –l option), including any hidden files (which requires the –a option). Which command should you use?

A) ls –a | ls ‐l
B) ls –s; ls ‐l
C) ls ‐la
D) ls –a\ls ‐l

ls -la

C. The command ls ‐la will list all the files in a long format. The command ls ‐a | ls‐l will not work. ls ‐s; ls ‐a will show two listings: one with the size and the other with all the files. The ls ‐a\ls ‐l command will show two listings—one with all the files and the other in a long format—but it will not show all the files in a long format.

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Which of the following allows you to see all running programs in macOS?

A) Keychain
B) Mission Control
C) Finder
D) Force Quit

Mission Control

B. Mission Control is a quick way on macOS to view what is currently running. Keychain is a tool that saves credentials so that the user does not need to be prompted. The Finder is the macOS equivalent to Windows File Explorer. Force Quit is a function of the macOS for killing a process.

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As part of your training program, you’re trying to convince users to make backups on a regular basis. Which Apple app can be used to make backups of various types on a regular basis?

A) Time Machine
B) Finder
C) VSS
D) Keychain

Time Machine

A. Time Machine is the Apple application that can be used to create backups on a regular basis. The Finder is the macOS equivalent to Windows File Explorer. VSS is a Windows technology that is used to create snapshots of a volume. Keychain is a tool that saves credentials so that the user does not need to be prompted.

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Which of the following Linux commands/utilities can be used to edit a file?

A) ps
B) nano
C) rm
D) ls

nano

B. The nano command is used to edit files. The ps command lists processes running. The rm command removes files or directories. The ls command lists files and folders in the filesystem.

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Which of the following Linux commands/utilities can be used to edit an Ethernet connection’s configuration settings?

A) dd
B) apt‐get
C) ip
D) pwd

C. The ip command can be used to edit an Ethernet connection’s configuration settings. The dd command is used to duplicate disks. The apt‐get command is used with the APT package management system for downloading packages. The pwd command shows the current working directory.

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Which of the following is a macOS feature for password management?

A) Spotlight
B) Keychain
C) Dock
D) Gestures

Keychain

B. Keychain is a tool that saves credentials so that the user does not need to be prompted. Spotlight is a utility in macOS that allows a search of the operating system and Internet for search terms. The Dock is the macOS application menu that is located on the bottom of the screen. Gestures allow you to use more than one finger on the trackpad to perform different functions.

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The interpreter in Linux between the operating system and the user is known as the _______.

A) Shell
B) Translator
C) Login
D) GUI

Shell

A. The shell is the interpreter in Linux between the operating system and the user. The translator is a wrong answer. Login is something you perform to access the shell. The graphical user interface (GUI) does not interpret commands and therefore is not considered an interpreter.

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What type of backup is kept on site at the computer center for immediate recovery purposes?

A) On‐path attack
B) Cloud copies
C) Journal copies
D) Working copies

Working copies
D. Working copies are backups that are kept on site at the computer center for immediate recovery purposes. An on‐path attack is an attack where an eavesdropper listens between two people or devices. Cloud copies are backups that are sent to cloud storage and cannot be immediately recovered. Journal copies is a wrong answer.

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Which of the following utilities can be used in Linux to download patches for installation on a workstation?

A) update
B) Shell/terminal
C) apt
D) patch

apt

C. The apt utility can be used to download and apply patches to a Linux installation. The update command is not a utility. Shell/terminal is an interface for interacting with the operating system with the command line. The patch command is not a utility.

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Which of the following commands can be used to change the owner of a file to a new owner in Linux?

A) cd
B) chmod
C) chown
D) pwd

chown

C. The chown command is used to change ownership of a file. The cd command changes the working directory. The chmod command changes permissions on files. The pwd command displays the current working directory.

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Which Linux utility can be used to check and repair disks?

A) fsck
B) chkdsk
C) du
D) dumgr

fsck
A. The fsck Linux utility is used to check and repair disks. The chkdsk utility is a Windows utility used to check and repair disks. The du utility is used to show the current disk usage. dumgr is not a utility and is a wrong answer.

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Your iPad has an application that will not stop running. What feature/tool can you use to stop it?

A) kill
B) Force Quit
C) Task Manager
D) Close Quit

Force Quit

B. By pressing the Home button twice on an iPad, you can Force Quit an application that will not stop running. The kill utility can be used only at the command line of Linux/macOS. The Task Manager is a Windows utility. Close Quit is not a feature and therefore a wrong answer.

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Which of the following is the most common shell used with Linux?

A) Tcl/Tk
B) Terminal
C) Bash
D) SSH

Bash

C. Bash is the most common command‐line shell used with Linux. Tcl/Tk is a shell used with Linux, but it is very uncommon. Terminal is a utility used to access the command‐line shell. SSH, or Secure Shell, is a secure protocol used to access the shell over a network.

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What is the name of the area at the bottom of a macOS screen where, by default, a bar of crucial icons appears?

A) Footer
B) Mission Control
C) Taskbar
D) Dock

dock

D. The Dock is the area at the bottom of the macOS screen that is used to launch applications. The footer is not a valid answer. Mission Control is a macOS feature that allows you to see all the applications running. The Taskbar is a Windows Desktop element that is used to track running applications and quickly launch them.

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Which key combination can you use to bring up Spotlight from within an app?

A) Control+Shift
B) Option+Tab
C) Command+spacebar
D) Alt+Home

Command+spacebar

C. The Command+spacebar key combination will bring up the Spotlight utility. Control+Shift, Option+Tab, and Alt+Home are wrong answers.

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Which Linux command can be used to let you run a single command as another user?

A) sudo
B) su
C) passwd
D) ifconfig

sudo

A. The sudo command can be used to run a single command as another user. The su command allows you to change user logins at the command line. The passwd command changes the user’s password. The ifconfig command allows you to view and modify the wired network interface.

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Which of the following Linux commands will show you a list of running processes?

A) ls
B) cat
C) ps
D) su

C. The ps command will display a snapshot of the current running processes on a Linux operating system. The ls command will display a listing of files from the working directory. The cat command will display the contents of a file. The su command allows you to change user logins at the command line.

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You are currently in a Linux terminal session and in the /home/testuser/documents/mail directory. Which command will take you to /home/testuser/documents?

A) cd .
B) cd ..
C) cd . . .
D) cd ∼

cd ..

B. The command cd .. will take you one level back from the current working directory. The command cd . will do nothing, because the period signifies the current working directory. The command cd . . . is not a valid command. The command cd ~ will change directories to the home directory of the user.

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If the permissions for a file are rwxrw‐r––, what permissions apply for a user who is a member of the group to which the owner belongs?

A) Read, write, and execute
B) Read and write
C) Read only
D) No access

Read and write

B. The effective permissions are read and write. From left to right, the permissions are rwx for the user, rw‐ for the group, and r‐‐ for everyone else. Since the user is only a member of the group applied to the file, they will have read and write permissions.

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What does the –p option with mkdir do?

A) Prompts the user before creating files
B) Prompts the user before creating subfolders
C) Creates subfolders as well as folders
D) None of the above

Creates subfolders as well as folders

C. The ‐p option on the mkdir command allows subfolders to be created as well as the target folder. All other answers are incorrect.

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frequently used applications can be launched in macOS from the _____

Dock

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____ is used to store backup media in the event the primary location suffers a catastrophe.

offsite storage

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what is a valid reason for keeping firmware updated?

to patch security holes that may be found

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____ is a password management system from apple

keychain

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the _____ macOS utility allows a user to manage stored credentials.

keychain

to edit text files, such as configuration files, _____ can be used for backup and cloud storage on apple operating systems.

iCloud

the ____ utility on macOS can be used to search for documents and applications

spotlight

which macOS feature allows you to view all running applications?

mission control

what is a search feature within macOS?

spotlight is a search feature within macOS, and it is represented by the magnifying glass icon in the upper-right corner of the menu bar

the ____ command in linux allows you to view the contents of a text file

cat

in linux, the ___ allows you to interact with the system at the command line

terminal or command prompt

the ____ command allows you to change a user's password in linux

passwd

which linux utility can be used with wildcards to find matches for a regular expression in a text file?

grep

_____ is a simple text editor for Linux

pico

if you type pwd at a linux command line, what will be the result?

the shell will echo back the present working directory

if you type passwd at the command prompt in linux, what will be the result

you will be prompted to change your password

what linux command do you use to run one command with elevated privileges?

sudo

what command can be used in Linux to change the permissions of an existing file?

chmod

the chmod Linux command is used to ____

change permissions

the ____ Linux command allows you to copy blocks of data from one device to another.

the wireless equivalent to the ifconfig command in a linux environment is _____ command.

iwconfig

the linux command chmod a+r filename will assign which permissions?

read permissions to all

a file on a Linux workstation has the permissions of rw-r-x--x; what are the permissions the user is assigned?

read / write

the ____ linux command allows you to view the current working directory.

pwd

how can the users access files on a CD or DVD installed on one remote machine in macOS? A) by using spotlight B) by using finder C) by using dock D) by using remote disc

by using remote disc

which of these allows the users to provide full disk encryption to prevent unauthorized access to the information contained on the device during startup? A) macOS disk utility B) force quit C) filevault D) snapshot

FileVault allows the users to provide full disk encryption to prevent unauthorized access to the info contained on the device during startup. filevault uses XTS-AES-128 with a 256-bit key

john wants to evaluate, test and deploy software updates. which of the following management techniques will he use? A) patch B) change C) asset D) privilege

patch in patch management, software updates are evaluated for their applicability to an environment and then tested in a safe way on non-production systems.

which linux command is used to rename a file at the command line? A) cp B) chown C) rd D) mv

mv rd - remove a directory in DOS cp - will copy a file or directory chown - will change the ownership of a file or directory

you need to check which applications on macOS have the right to see your photos. which applet in system preferences will show you the information? A) accessibility B) displays C) networks D) security and privacy

security and privacy

which linux utility can be used to check and repair disks? A) dumgr B) du C) chkdsk D) fsck

fsck chkdsk - checks and repairs the disk in windows du - used to show the current disk usage dumgr - is not a utility

if the permissions for a file are rwxrw-r--, what permissions apply for a user who is a member of the group to which the owner belongs? A) read and write B) read only C) no access D) read, write and execute

read and write rwx for the user rw- for the group r-- for everyone else since the user is only a member of the group applied to the file, they will have read and write permissions.

which of the following linux commands helps the users to find files with specific words or phrases? A) cat B) grep C) vi D) ps

grep - used to search for a pattern of text in files and display the results.

in which version of the following macOS X versions was the dark mode introduced? A) 10.11 el capitan B) 10.14 mojave C) 10.13 high sierra D) 10.12 sierra

10.14 mojave

what does the -p option with mkdir do? A) creates subfolders as well as folders B) prompts the user before creating subfolders C) prompts the user before creating files D) none of these

creates subfolders as well as folders

you need to quickly see all of the running applications in macOS. which key sequence should you use? A) mission control key B) command + T C) command control key D) command + spacebar

mission control key

which of the following linux commands displays the contents of a file? A) nano B) grep C) cat D) find

cat - displays the contents of a file. it can also be used to concatenate multiple files grep - searches for regular expressions in a text file. nano - is a text based editor for files

the interpreter in linux between the OS and the user is known as the ____ A) translator B) login C) GUI D) shell

shell

What is the Mac shortcut for opening the applications folder?

Shift + command + A

____ backups, sometimes referred to as _____, are partial or full backups that are kept at the computer center for immediate recovery purposes.

Working copy Shadow copy

What type of file system includes a log file of all changes and transactions that have occurred within a set. Of time such as the last few hours?

Journaled file system JFS

If the operating system takes an increasing amount of time to retrieve files, what should you do?

Defragment hard drive

The _____ vulnerability scanner will query The Local Host to see if a patch for a given vulnerability has been applied

nessus

What Mac feature allows you to perform a backup of your data to an external drive

Time machine

The macOS ___ can be used to create an image of the macOS operating system

Disk utility

macOS or Linux terminal command which shows how much disk space is in use

macOS or Linux terminal command which shows how much disk space is free

macOS or Linux terminal command which checks and repairs disks

fsck

In mac and Linux you can use the ____ command to learn more about any command line utility

man

The most popular shell for Linux is?

Bash = Bourne Again Shell

VNC

Virtual Network Computing

When an application becomes unresponsive in Mac what can you use to close that application?

Force quit

What is the Mac shortcut for: force quit?

Option + Command + Esc

___ allows you to configure disk level encryption to protect your files in the event the device is lost (Mac)

FileVault

The ___ feature allows you to customize macOS to support requirements such as vision, hearing, or motor skills.

Accessibility

What allows you to see all the applications running on one screen on Mac OS?

Mission Control

What is the password management system from Apple called?

Keychain

The search feature within macOS is called?

Spotlight

What lets you browse through files and folders in macOS?

Finder

In command line, in Linux, what would you use to search for a name in a password file?

grep ''John Doe'' /etc/passwd

What Linux command displays the content of a file?

cat

What Linux command changes file permissions?

chmod

What Linux command changes the file owner and group?

chown

What command deletes a file in Linux terminal?

What Linux command displays the current directory?

pwd

A Linux text based editor for files is called?

Nano

Linux command for the DNS query utility?

dig

Linux command to display a list of current running processes

Linux terminal command to terminate a process

Kill

In Linux a group of packages that are available for download is called a?

Repository

What package manager is used to update and install packages for red hat-based Linux distributions, such as red hat Enterprise server, fedora, CentOS?

YUM yellowdog updater modified

Linux command to change the current directory to your home directory

cd ~

____ Indicates the current directory, whereas ____ indicates the parent directory

. Current .. Parent

rwx --- --- Controls the read/wright and execute permissions of the?

Owner

--- rwx --- Controls the read/wright and execute permissions of?

Any user belonging to that file's group

rwxr--r-- Makes the file readable by?

Everyone

chmod a+r * Will do what?

Gives everyone read access to all the files in a directory

chmod a+x password.file Will do what?

Permit everyone to execute the specific file

To copy the entire contents of a directory, including all subdirectories and their contents, to another directory use the command?

cp - ar sourcedir destdir

To view the contents of a file use what command?

Cat

To create an entire directory tree use what command?

mkdir -p /usr/src/book/java/examples/applets

What command will remove an empty directory tree?

rmdir -p /usr/src/book/java This command removes the empty parent directories of applets. The command stops when it encounters a directory that is not empty

What is the Linux command to see the status of the IP configuration?

ifconfig

What Linux command can be used to view the state of the wireless network?

iwconfig You can view such important information as the link quality, access point Mac address, data rate, and encryption keys

What tools in windows and Linux have become an adopted standard for name resolution testing?

Windows: nslookup Linux: dig ( domain information grouper)