CHAPT 1 AND 2 Flashcards
- It is known by majority of the authors in the field of criminology as the weakest pillar of criminal justice system because of its failure to reform and rehabilitate offenders.
correction
Death penalty was once imposed in our country but it was further abolished by virtue of
RA No. 9346.
- At the root of this principle is that one of the purposes of the law is to provide equitable retribution for an offended party so a person who has injured another person receives the same injury in compensation.
Lex Taliones
- These laws introduced the principle of the Eye for an Eye and the Tooth For a Tooth.
Lex Talionis
- English Magistrates initiated experiments to determine the possibility of reformation of some young and inexperienced offenders from the stigma of prison.
Early 19th century in England
- These laws also vested balance of justice by introducing money compensation to the victim. This was where fines and restitution came from.
Lex Taliones
the severity of the penalty of the offender depends upon the severity of the crime that he committed.
Lex Taliones
- Lex Taliones is, however, based in the policy of
proportionately
It is where probation was originated.
ENGLAND
- The need for supervision and assistance to those released was met by assigning the youthful offender to the care and guardianship of his parents or his employer with an occasional check on his progress by the police.
Early 19th century in England
- It was in the early years of 1481 when he made observations in Birmingham Court, he introduced the following beliefs in relation to offenders: Individuals are not fully corrupt; there is reasonable hope of reformation of offenders; and * If adults were given the chance as guardians of young convicts, they will be kind enough to take charge of the latter.
Mathew Davenport Hill
was considered as the “First Official Probation Officer.”
John Augustus
considered the father of probation in England.
Mathew Davenport Hill
known later as the “Father of Probation in the USA”, but others say that he is the “World’s Father of Probation.”
John Augustus
pioneering efforts to campaign for more lenient sentences for convicted criminals based on their backgrounds.
John Augustus
efforts are credited with the establishment of the Pre – sentence Investigation.
John Augustus
he is the “First Recognized Probation Officer in the United States.”
John Augustus
was born in 1785 at Burlington Massachusetts and moved to Lexington Green where he became a boot maker.
John Augustus
- He became prosperous and acquired large track of land which he conveyed to Lexington Academy to erect a school. Later on, he became a trustee in that academy.
John Augustus
- In 1827, Augustus moved to Boston and set up a boot shop at ___ near the Courthouse
Franklin Avenue
Augustus began to visit courthouse due to his active membership with the ____This society was formed in Boston in 1841 to promote temperance and to reclaim drunkards.
Washington Total Abstinence Society.
- He was concerned that poor drunks and offenders of petty crimes were receiving mandatory sentences that were not warranted by their backgrounds. This was because during that time, courts had been giving out sentences regardless of background of the defendant.
augustus
- In 1841, Augustus approached the Boston, Massachusetts police and court and persuaded them to let a _____ be left in his care instead of going to prison.
“common drunkard”
augustus: * The condition’s were that a fine needed to be paid and the offender must return before the court in
three weeks.
“probation” which he derived from the Latin word “______” which means “______-”
probare; to prove or to test
was a director of the Massachusetts Board of State Charities.
Gardner Tufts;
