Chapt 1

Question 1

scientific study of humans and their
cultures

Answer 1

Anthropology

Question 2

multifaceted concept, encompasses customs,
language, religion, and social norms, and significantly
influences various aspects of healthcare practices (Leininger,
2006).

Answer 2

Culture

Question 3

Who is significantly influenced the development of transcultural
nursing

Answer 3

Madeleine Leininger

Question 4

Who is significantly influenced the development of transcultural
nursing

Answer 4

Madeleine Leininger

Question 5

Leininger’s theory

Answer 5

Culture Care Diversity and Universality

Question 6

emphasized the importance of cultural knowledge in nursing
practice and laid the foundation for culturally competent care
(Leininger, 2006).

Answer 6

Culture Care Diversity and Universality

Question 7

focuses on people’s culturally
based beliefs, attitudes, values, behaviors, and practices
related to health, illness, healing, and human caring (Leininger,
1991, 1995; Leininger & McFarland, 2002, 2006)

Answer 7

transcultural nursing (TCN)

Question 8

humanistic and scientific area of
nursing study and practice that focuses on how patterns of
behavior in health, illness, and caring are influenced by the
values and beliefs of specific cultural groups

Answer 8

Transcultural nursing

Question 9

The goal of TCN is to

Answer 9

develop a scientific and humanistic body
of knowledge in order to provide culture-specific and cultureuniversal nursing care practices for individuals, families,
groups, communities, and institutions of similar and diverse
cultures.

Question 10

refers to particular values, beliefs, and
patterns of behavior that tend to be special or unique to a
group and that do not tend to be shared with members of other
cultures

Answer 10

Culture-specific

Question 11

refers to the commonly shared values,
norms of behavior, and life patterns that are similarly held
among cultures about human behavior and lifestyles.

Answer 11

Culture-universal

Question 12

academic discipline that is concerned with
the scientific study of humans, past and presen

Answer 12

Anthropology

Question 13

complex whole that includes knowledge, beliefs, art,
morals, law, customs, and any other capabilities and habits
acquired by members of a society (Tylor, 1871).

Answer 13

Culture

Question 14

defines culture as the “learned, shared, and
transmitted values, beliefs, norms, and lifeways of a particular
group of people that guide thinking, decisions, and actions in a
patterned wa

Answer 14

Leininger

Question 15

refers to those cognitively
based assistive, supportive, facilitative, or enabling acts or
decisions that are mostly tailor-made to fit with an individual’s,
group’s or institution’s cultural values, beliefs, and lifeways in
order to provide meaningful, beneficial, satisfying care that
leads to health and well-being” (Leininger, 1991, p. 47

Answer 15

Culturally congruent nursing care

Question 16

Leininger also created a new
qualitative research method. This is to investigate phenomena
of interest in TCN.

Answer 16

Ethno-nursing research.

Question 17

refers to the complex integration of
knowledge, attitudes, values, beliefs, behaviors, skills,
practices, and cross-cultural

Answer 17

Cultural Competence. I