Chapman Points & Reflexes

Question 1

Kidneys

Answer 1

1” lateral & 1” above umbilicus

Question 2

Adrenal

Answer 2

1” lateral & 2” above umbilicus

Question 3

Small Intestine

Answer 3

Intercostal spaces

• ribs 8-9 = upper
• ribs 9-10 = middle
• ribs 10-11 = lower

Question 4

Appendix

Answer 4

Tip of 12th rib on right (anterior)

Between transverse process of T11-12 (posterior)

Question 5

Heart

Answer 5

Intercostal space between ribs 2-3 close to sternum

Question 6

Lungs

Answer 6

Upper lung: intercostal space between ribs 3-4 close to sternum

Lower lung: intercostal space between ribs 4-5 close to sternum

Question 7

ENT System

Answer 7

Intercostal space between clavicle, 2nd rib, and manubrium

Question 8

Acupuncture and Chapman points overlap

Answer 8

Kidney channel K11 (dysuria) - urethral reflex/urethral cystitis

Liver 14 (abdominal distention) - gastric hypercongestion

Stomach 18 (heartburn) - hyperacidity

Spleen 16 (indigestion) - small intestine

Kidney 25 (cough, asthma) - bronchitis

Question 9

Chapman’s treatment approach

Answer 9

Locate point: anterior = diagnosis, posterior = treatment
Rotate rip of finger over point
Treat posterior point
Recheck anterior point

Question 10

Chapman treatment technique

Answer 10

10-30 sec - 2 min (less = better)
Tissue changes
Treatment complete when reflex is gone NOT when patient reports lack of pain

Question 11

How are Chapman’s reflexes utilized in today’s Osteopathic approach to a patient?

Answer 11

Integral part of osteopathic physical exam more so than a specific therapeutic intervention

Question 12

How are somato-somatic, viscero-visceral, somato-visceral, and viscero-somatic reflexes utilized in body’s homeostasis? Somatic dysfunction?

Answer 12

Treatment of spinal level will help decrease visceral efferent a => calming of abnormal reflexes - Homeostasis

Question 13

Somato-somatic

Answer 13

Afferent = somatic structure
Efferent = somatic structure

*may have an interneuron

Question 14

Visceral-Visceral

Answer 14

Sensory = viscera -> cord
Efferent = motor -> viscera (via ANS: sympathetic & parasympathetic)

Question 15

Viscero-somatic/Somato-visceral

Answer 15

Afferent = sensory from viscera/somatic structure
Efferent = motor to somatic/visceral structure

Interneuron a involved
*referred pain

Question 16

Monosynaptic Reflex

Answer 16

Components:

• primary after end neuron
• one synapse
• central motor efferent neuron

Question 17

Primary Afferent Neuron

Answer 17

Cell body - dorsal root ganglion
Sensory nerve
Axon -> dorsal horn of cord

Small cell body

• beta = lightly myelinated/unmyelinated
• • crude touch
• • nociceptor

Large cell body

• alpha = myelinated
• • proprioception
• • mechanoreceptors

Question 18

Monosynaptic

Answer 18

Primary Afferent => ventral horn => motor neuron => skeletal muscle

Question 19

Polysynaptic

Answer 19

Primary Afferent => ventral horn => interneuron => motor neuron => skeletal muscle

Question 20

Colon

Answer 20

2” wide between greater trochanter to just above patella

Anterolateral thigh:

• cecum = top 1/5
• ascending colon = mid 3/5
• transverse colon = lowest 1/5