Chapitre Trois: Symptomatic Terms Flashcards
lesion
an area of pathologically altered tissue (primary & secondary)
primary lesions
lesions arising from previously normal skin
macule/macula
a flat, discolored spot on the skin up to 1 cm across (e.g. freckle)
patch
a flat, discolored areao on the skin larger than 1 cm
papule
(elevated, palpable) a solid mass on the skin up to 0.5 cm in diameter
plaque
(elevated, palpable) a solid mass greater than 1 cm in diameter and limited to the surface of the skin
nodule
(elevated, palpable) a solid mass greater than 1 cm the extends deeper into the dermis [L. nodulus: little knot]
tumor
(elevated, palpable) a solid mass larger than 1-2 cm
wheal
an area of localized skin edema (swelling) (e.g. hive)
vesicle
little bladder; an elevated fluid-filled sac (blister) within or under the epidermis up to 0.5 cm in diameter
bulla
a blister lager than 0.5 cm (e.g. second degree burn
pustule
a pus-filled sac (e.g. pimple)
erosion
gnawed away; loss of superficial epidermis, leaving an area of moisture but no bleeding (e.g., area of moisture after rupture of a vesicle)
secondary lesions
lesions that result in changes in primary lesions
ulcer
an open sore on the skin or mucous membrane that can bleed and scar; sometimes accompanied by infection
excoriation
a scratch mark
fissure
a linear crack in the skin
scale
a thin flake of exfoliated epidermis
crust
a dried residue of serum (body liquid), pus, or blood on the skin (e.g. as seen in impetigo)
vascular lesions
lesions of a blood vessel
cherry angioma
a small, round, bright red blood vessel tumor on the skin, often on the trunk of the elderly
telangiectasia, spider angioma
a tiny, red blood vessel lesion formed by the dilation of a group of blood vessels radiating from a central arteriole, most commonly on the face, neck, or chest (telos=end)
purpuric lesions
purpura; lesions resulting from hemorrhages into the skin
petechia
spot; reddish-brown, minute hemorrhagic spots on the skin that indicate a bleeding tendency; a small purpura
eccymosis
bruise; a black and blue mark; a large purpura
cicatrix of the skin
a mark left by the lealing of a sore or wound, showing the replacement of destroyed tissue by fibrous tissue (cicatrix = scar)
keloid
an abnormal overgrowth of scar tissue that is thick and irregular (kele = tumor)
epidermal tumors
skin tumors arising from the epidermis
nevus
a congenital malformation on the skin that can be epidermal or vascular; also called a mole
dysplastic nevus
a mole with precancerous changes
verruca
an epidermal tumor caused by a papilloma virus, also called a wart
comedo
a plug of sebum (oil) within the opening of a hair follicle
closed comedo
a comedo below the skin surface, with a white center (whitehead)
open comedo
a comedo open to the skin surface, with a black center caused by the presence of melanin exposed to air (blackhead)
eruption
appearance of a skin lesion
erythema
redness of skin
prurtius
severe itching
rash
a general term for skin eruption, most often associated with communicable disease
suppuration
production of purulent matter (pus)
urticaria
hives; an eruption of wheals on the skin accompanied by itching (urtica=stinging nettle)
xeroderma
dry skin
pediculosis
infestation with lice that causes itching and dermatitis
scabies
a contagious disease caused by a parasite (mite) that invades the skin, causing an intense itch, most often at articulations between the fingers or toes, elbow, etc.
tinea
a group of fungal skin disease identified by the body part affected
vitiligo
a condition caused by the destruction of melanin that results in the appearnce of white patches on the skin
actinic keratoses, solar keratoses
caused by excessive exposure to the sun
seborrheic keratoses
benign, wart like tumors
systematic lupus erythematosus
affects many body organs
