chapitre 8 Flashcards
Strategic attributes
Quality
Cost
Variety
Lead time
Volume
flexibility
What are products that are Made to order
Simplified design process because customer participates
Demand variability
What are products that are made to stock / standard
Complex design process because products are expected to satisfy a large number of customers
Simplified planning
Production Design Strategies
Standardization
Simplification
Modular design
Delayed differentiation
Product Design and Sustainability
What is Standardization
Standardization refers to the strategy of seeking uniformity in products (goods and services) and in the parts comprising them.
Operations Management and Logistics: Fundamental Principles and Methods, p.268
What are the advantages and disadvantages of standardization
A: Fewer parts to deal with in inventory and manufacturing
Reduced training costs and time
More routine purchasing, handling and inspection procedures
Orders can be met from inventory
Opportunities for long production runs and automation
Need for fewer parts justifies increased expenditures on perfecting designs and improving quality control procedures
D: Designing a product that meets the needs of many customers requires a large investment
High cost of design changes increases resistance to improvements
Decreased variety results in less consumer appeal
It is difficult to adequately address the needs of a specific client
What is Modular Design
A form of standardization
Parts are subdivided into MODULES
Advantages and Disadvantages of modular design
A: Easier diagnosis and remedy of failures
Easier to repair and replace
Simplification of planning, procurement, inventory management, manufacturing and assembly
Lowers training costs
D:Modules must be compatible and interchangeable
Increase in replacement costs, as the whole defective module must be changed
Delayed Differentiation
The manufacturing process starts by making a generic or family product that is later differentiated into a specific end-product.
What is the Design for the Environment
Design a product from material that can be recycled
Design from recycled material
Design for ease of repair
Minimize packaging
Minimize material and energy used during manufacturing, consumption and disposal
Producer responsible of product even after the product’s useful life
Process selection criteria
Volume
Variety
Demand
Flow
Types of Processes
Job shop
Batch
Mass production
Continuous (process)
Types of Flow
Intermittent Flow:
Movement of in process products is discontinuous and multi-directional
Semi-Continuous flow:
In process products move in a regular yet intermittent, unidirectional manner
Continuous flow:
The product moves in a constant unidirectional manner
Process types
Job shop: intermittent, high variety, low volume
Batch: intermittent, mid tends high variety, mid volume tends low
Mass production: Semi-continuous, mass customization, mid volume tends high, mid tends low variety
continuous process: continuous, high volume, low variety
Mass Customization
A strategy of producing standardized goods or services,
but incorporating some degree of customization