Chapete -123 Flashcards
When and what was the first X-ray of
December 22 1895, of wilhelm’s wife’s hand
Radiograph
Image produced on photosensitive film by exposure to X-rays. Developing the film produces a negative image that can be viewed and interpreted
Radiology
The branch of medical science that deals with the use of radiant energy in the the diagnosis and treatment of disease
Radiography
The making of radiographs by exposing and processing X-ray film
X-ray
Radiant energy of short wavelength that had the power to penetrate substances and to record shadow images on photographic film
Matter
Anything that occupies space and has mass
Energy
As the ability to do work and overcome resistance, when matter is altered
Atom
Is the smallest particle of an element that still retains the properties of the element, the fundamental unit of matter
Electrons
Have a negative charge orbiting the nucleus
Protons
+ charge, the number of protons in the nucleus of an element determines its atomic number
Neutrons
Have no charge
What happened when negative particle gets knocked out?
The atom is now unbalanced and is an ion
Radioactivity
The process whereby certain unstable elements undergo spontaneous disintegration in an effort to attain a stable nuclear state ( when atoms break apart)
Who is Wilhelm roentgen
Father of diagnostic radiology
Radioactivity
Process whereby certain unstable almonds undergo spontaneous this in any effort to retain a stable state. X-rays do not involve the use of radioactivity
Electromagnetic radiations
Are man-made or occur naturally examples include is cosmic rays gamma rays x-rays ultraviolet rays visible light temporarily radiant waves microwaves and radio waves
Electromagnetic radiation travels at the speed of light
T
Electromagnetic radiation’s have electrical charge
F: they have a no charge
Electromagnetic radiation has mass and weight
F: has no mass or weight
Electromagnetic radiation has to space as particles and in a circle motion
False: passes through space as particles in a wave length motion
Electromagnetic radiation’s give goff an electrical field at right angles to their path of travel and a magnetic field at right angles to the electric electric field
True
Electromagnetic radiation have energies that cannot be measured and are not different
False they have energies that are measurable and different pens the electromagnetic spectrum
Wavelength
Is the distance between two similar points on two successive waves
Frequency
Is a measure of the number of waves that pass a given point per unit of time
Velocity
Refers to the speed of the wave. In a vacuum all electromagnetic radiation’s travel at the speed of light
What is the difference between long and short wavelengths
Long wavelengths, low frequency, low energy, less penetrating x-ray BAD
Short wavelengths, high frequency, high-energy, more penetrating x-ray
General radiation (braking radiation)
Speeding electrons slow down because of their interaction with the tungsten target ( on the anode). This happens when the electron cloud hit the anode
Characteristic radiation
When a high speed electron dislodges an inner shell electron from the tungsten atom and causes ionization
Match the traditional units with systeme international scale
A)rem. d)gray
B)roentgen E) sievert
C) rad. F) coulombs
Rem- sievert
Rad- gray
Roentgen- sievert
Exposure
Can be defined as the measurement of ionization in air produced by x-Rays. Does not become a dose until radiation is absorbed my tissue
Which unit is used to measure exposure
Roentgen- Columbus
Absorbed dose
The amount of energy deposited in any form of matter by any time of radiation
What unit of measurement is used to measure absorbed dose
Gray and rad
Does equivalent
Used for radiation protection purposes to compare the biological effects of various types of radiation. Product of the absorbed dose times a biological- effect
What unit is used to measure dose equivalent
Rem sievert
Coulomb and roentgen are measurements of X-ray exposure in the air
T
Gray and rad are the amount of Energy the tissue absorbs
T
Sievert and rem reprints the relative biological effect of radiation absorbed in the body tissue
T
The most common artificial radiation exposed comes from biological radiation
F : comes from medical
Milliampere selector
Measures the amount of current passing through the wires of circuit never changes
Kilovoltage peak selector
Enables the operator to change the peak kilovoltage
Leaded glass housing
Metal body of the tube head that surrounds the x-Ray tube and transformer and is filled with oil
Insulating oil
The oil that surrounds the X-ray tube and transformers inside the tube head preventing over hearing by absorbing the heat created by production of x-Rays
Aluminum disks
Sheets of .5mm thick aluminum places in the path of the x-Ray beam and absorbs photon ways of long wavelengths
Electric current
Enters the control panel either through a cord plugged into a grounded outlet
Rectification
Converts ac to dc x-Ray tube self rectifier while producing X-rays. Ensures the current is always flowing in the same direction, more specifically from the cathode to anode
Transformer
Electromagnetic device got charging the current coming into the dental X-ray ( in tube head)
Step down transformer
Used to decrease the voltage 110-220 line voltage to the 3-5 volts used by the filament
Step up transformer
Used to increase the voltage from the incoming 110-220 to 6500 to 100,000 used by high voltage circuit
Auto transformer
Serves as a voltage compensator that corrects for minor fluctuations in the current
Ampere
Unit of quantity of the electric current. Increase in amperage results in an increase in the number of electrons that is avian me to travel from the cathode to anode
Voltage
Electrical pressure between two electrical charges. Determines the speed of the electrons when traveling from the cathode to anode
Cathode
Negative electrode, consists of a tungsten wire filament in a cup shape holder made of molybdenum. It’s purpose is to supply the electrons necessary to generate x-rats
Anode (target)
Positive electrode, consists of a wafer-thin tungsten plate embedded in a solid copper Rod. It’s purpose of the Node is to convert electrons into x-Rays photons. Where x-Rays originate in the X-rays
Quality
is used to describe the mean energy or penetrating ability of x-Ray. Controlled by kilovoltage
Quantity
Refers to the # of X-rays produced in dental X-ray
Intensity
Production of the quantity and quality per unit of area per unit of time if exposure
Ionizations
Occurs when an X-ray photon cause the negative particle to be knocked out, the atom is now unbalanced and in an ion
