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Neurobiology > Chaper 9: The Somatic Sensory System > Flashcards

Chaper 9: The Somatic Sensory System Flashcards

0
Q

What are the critical links to supply the CNS with information about what happens in the periphery in the BODY and the HEAD?

A

In head: Cranial Nerve Ganglia

In body: Dorsal Root Ganglia

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1
Q

Mechanoreceptors are found at the end of WHAT KIND of fiber?

A

Afferent

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2
Q

Name the types of mechanoreceptors from BEST to WORST spacial acuity.

A

Merkel > Meissner > Ruffini > Pacinian

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3
Q

Which to mechanoreceptors are SLOW adapting?

A

Merkel and Ruffini

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4
Q

Which two mechanoreceptors are RAPID adapting?

A

Meissner and Pacinian

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5
Q

Which mechanoreceptor is best at processing form and texture (edges, points, corners, curvature)? (Not be be confused with identifying when an object is moving across the skin)

A

Merkel Afferents

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6
Q

Where are Merkel afferents found?

A

in epidermal redges

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7
Q

Where are Meissner afferents located?

A

in tips of dermal papillae

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8
Q

Which mechanoreceptor is sensitive to internally generated stimuli?

A

Ruffini

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9
Q

Which mechanoreceptor is best suited to detect when an object is moving across the skin?

A

Meissner Afferents

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10
Q

What are free nerve endings good at processing?

A

The sensation of pain

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11
Q

Are free nerve endings LESS or MORE sensitive than mechanoreceptors?

A

Less

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12
Q

A smaller receptive field is associated with a __________ amount of arborization.

A

smaller

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13
Q

RAPID adapting mechanoreceptors are good at sensing stimuli that _____ (change/do not change).

A

Change

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14
Q

________ adapting afferents are best suited for processing spacial attributes (size, shape).

A

Slowly

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15
Q

Describe the structure of a nociceptor.

A

free nerve ending

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16
Q

A nociceptor is best as processing ________.

A

Pain

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17
Q

Somatic sensory afferents constitute ______ pathways. Meaning that…

A

Parallel; meaning that they work together at the same time and only later will integrate their signals

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18
Q

What is a dermatome?

A

Area innervated by each spinal nerve

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19
Q

T/F: Dermatomes do not overlap.

A

False. They slightly overlap.

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20
Q

Overlap in dermatomes is more extensive for what types of sensation?

A

Touch, pressure, vibration. There is less overlap for pain.

21
Q

Name the nerve ending types from MOST to LEAST superficial.

A 
Free Nerve Endings
Merkel
Meissner
Ruffini
Pacinian
22
Q

Ipsilateral vs. Contralateral

A

Ipsilateral: same side
Contralateral: different side

23
Q

Of the autonomic division, the _______ branch is more active during stress.

A

Sympathetic

24
Q

Dorsal roots carry…

A

sensory afferents

25
Q

Ventral roots carry…

A

motor efferents.

26
Q

If the VENTRAL ROOT is cut, what function is affected?

A

Ability to control muscles

27
Q

The Diencephalon contains what?

A

Thalamus and Hypothalamus

28
Q

The Brainstem contains….

A

Midbrain, pons, medulla

29
Q

The forebrain contains…

A

Diencephalon and Cerebral Hemisphere

30
Q

“Nerves” in ______: “Tracts” in ______

A

Nerves in PNS; Tracts in CNS

31
Q

The subcortical ganglia contains…

A

basal ganglia

amigdala

32
Q

The cerebral cortex is ______ (gray/white) matter.

A

gray

33
Q

What number Broadman’s area is the primary motor cortex?

A

4

34
Q

The basal ganglia mediates….

A

unconscious decisions regarding movement

35
Q

The _____ is the highest level of sensory integration in most organisms.

A

midbrain

36
Q

Function of the TECTUM

A

attention to visual and auditory stimuli

37
Q

Thalamus is relay station for all sensory inputs except THIS.

A

smell

38
Q

What structure contains the superior and inferior colliculus?

A

Tectum

39
Q

The superior colliculus collects inputs from the ______; Inferior collects from ____.

A

eye; ear

40
Q

Which brain part mediates reflex control of posture?

A

Pontine Nuclei

41
Q

Visceral receptors are found in…

A

blood vessels, heart, lungs, GI tract, bladder

42
Q

What two mechanoreceptors are very superficial in the skin?

A

Meissner and Merkel

43
Q

What mechanoreceptors are deepest in skin?

A

Pacinian and Ruffini

45
Q

What mechanoreceptors respond best to SUSTAINED stimulus

A

Merkel and Ruffini

46
Q

Define: Commisure

A

Tract that crosses midline of brain

47
Q

Sagittal Section:
Axial Section:
Coronal Section:

A

Sagittal Section: Across brain horizontally
Axial Section: vertically, front to back
Coronal Section: Vertically, side to side

48
Q

Efferent fibers go from _____ to _____

A

CNS to muscles

49
Q

Afferent fibers go from _____ to ______.

A

Muscle to CNS

85
Q

If you increase the intensity of a stimulus you _____ the rate of AP discharge.

A

increase

Neurobiology (1 decks)

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