Chaper 4-5 REVIEW Flashcards
What is a precipitate?
A solid produced when two liquids are combined.
What is some evidence of chemical reactions?
The signs of a chemical reaction are:
• There is an unexpected change in colour.
• Energy is released or absorbed.
• A gas is produced.
• A precipitate forms.
What is a chemical reaction?
The process in which one or more substances undergo a chemical change to produce one or more new substances
What is a physical change?
Does not change the chemical identity of the particle and are
usually reversible.
What is a catalyst?
A substance that makes a reaction occur faster without being used up in the reaction.
What is the law of conservation of mass?
Matter is not created or
destroyed
What is a synthesis reaction?
Two reactants combine to form one larger or more complex
product.
Formula: A + B –> AB
Ex. CaO (s) + H2O (l) –> Ca(OH)2
What is a decomposition reaction?
One large molecule breaks apart
Formula: AB –> A + B
Ex. Ag2O (s) –> Ag (s) + O2 (g)
What is a decomposition reaction?
One large molecule breaks apart
Formula: AB –> A + B
Ex. Ag2O (s) –> Ag (s) + O2 (g)
What is a single displacement reaction?
One element displaces another in a
compound.
Formula: AB + C –> AC + B
What is a double displacement reaction?
A chemical reaction in which two elements from different compounds displace each other.
Formula: AB + CD –> AD + CB
What is the reactivity series? What are the 2 rules to the reactivity series?
The activity series is the ranking of the reactivity of metals.
- One element can displace elements below it from
compounds in solution but cannot displace elements
above it. - The farther apart two elements are, the more likely it is
that the displacement reaction will occur quickly.
What are the 3 types of double displacement reactions?
- Precipitation Reactions
- Reactions That Produce a Gas
- Neutralization reactions
What is a solution? What is solubility?
A solution is a homogeneous mixture of a solute dissolved in a solvent.
Solubility is the quantity of solute that will dissolve in a given quantity of solvent.
What is combustion?
a chemical reaction in which a
fuel burns in oxygen, usually from air.
What does combustion release?
Combustion releases chemical energy as thermal energy and light.
The other products of combustion vary depending on the type of fuel
What is an organic compound? What would the products include if the fuel was an organic compound?
If the fuel is an organic compound (carbon based), the products will include carbon dioxide
What are the two types of combustion?
There are two types of combustion:
- Complete Combustion (oxygen abundant)
- Incomplete Combustion (limited oxygen)
Both types are dependent on the
amount of oxygen available.
How does complete combustion occur? What are the products? Why is complete combustion an ideal way to burn fuel?
The complete combustion of a hydrocarbon occurs when the
oxygen supply is plentiful.
• The only products are water, carbon dioxide and energy
• Complete combustion is the ideal way to burn a fuel because it
releases the most energy from the hydrocarbon fuel molecules.
What is incomplete combustion? How are the flames resulting in incomplete combustion different from complete combustion? What could be some of the products of incomplete combustion?
Incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons occurs when the supply of oxygen is limited.
• Flames resulting from incomplete combustion are often sooty, yellow, and cooler than flames from complete combustion
• The products of incomplete combustion includes water, carbon dioxide and energy, as well as soot (carbon rich molecules - C) and carbon monoxide
Why is incomplete combustion undesirable?
- Incomplete combustion releases only a portion of the energy that may be obtained from hydrocarbon fuels such as gasoline.
- Soot particles and carbon monoxide produced from incomplete combustion are an
inhalation hazard.
What is the general equation for neutralization with hydroxide?
Acid + Base –> Water + Ionic Compound
NOT ALL NEUTRALIZATION REACTIONS FOLLOW THIS GENERAL PATTERN
What is the formula for neutralization with carbonate?
• Reacts with acids to produce hydrogen carbonate (HCO3) which decomposes to water
and carbon dioxide.
Acid + Carbonate –> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Ionic Compound
