Chaper 1 Flashcards
Motor Development
Continuous, age-related process of change in movement as well as the interacting constraints in the individual, environment, and task that drive these changes
Motor Learning
Permanent gains in motor skills quality associated with practice or experience
Motor Control
Study of neural, physical, and behavioral aspects of movement–>coordination with movement and CNS
Physical Growth
Increase in size or body mass resulting from an increase in complete, already formed body parts
-Occurs adolescence to 20s
Maturation
Physical maturity, reaching optimal function of body
Aging
Growing older regardless of chronological age
-Changes that lead to loss of function and eventually death
Newell’s Model of Constraints
Suggests movements occur from interactions of the individual, environment, and task constraints
Constraint
Permits or restricts movement
Individual Constraint
Person’s unique physical and mental characteristics
Structural Constraint
Relate to individual’s body structure and can change slowly over time (height, weight, limb length, etc.)
Functional Constraint
Relate to behavioral function (motivation, fear, experiences, etc.)
Environmental Constraint
Exist outside the body
(1) Physical environment–temperature, light, humidity, etc.
(2) Sociocultural environment–societal expectations to engage or not engage in movement
Importance of a Motor Development Model
(1) Helps us make sense of developmental changes
(2) Provides a framework for observing change
(3) Helps us include important factors of motor behavior in our observations
Task Constraints
External to body
- Include goals of a movement or activity and are specific to the task
- EX: Sports=movement constraints based on the rules of the game
- EX: Equipment
Longitudinal Study Design
- An individual or group is observed over time
- Study can require lengthy observation
