Chap5 FHS

Question 1

/bin

Examples?

Answer 1

Binaries and other executables programs. Text files are compiled into machine readable binary files. IE. cat, echo, mkdir, pwd

Question 2

/etc

Examples?

Answer 2

System configuration files. How the operating system behaves. IE. group, fstab, resolv.conf

Question 3

/usr

Answer 3

Multi-user related applications, libraries, and docs

Question 4

/boot

Answer 4

Contains the 2 files required to boot Linux

1. initramfs - The initial RAM Filesystem, which is mounted before the real root filesystem becomes available. (initrd.img-4.4.0-34-generic)
2. vmlinuz (kernal) - vmlinuz-4.4.0-34-generic (ends in z then is compressed)

Question 5

/dev

Answer 5

• Device nodes which represent devices built into or connected to the system. This includes character (byte-stream) and block I/O devices.
• upon boot a virtual filesystem is created and mounted at /dev and then populated with device nodes as udev requires.

Question 6

/lib

Examples?

Answer 6

Libraries required by executable binaries in /bin and /sbin. IE.
Kernel Modules /lib/modules
PAM (Plugable Authentication Modules) /lib/security

Question 7

/proc

Answer 7

Provides info about running processes. Empty on a non-running system. Also termed virtual files

Question 8

/sbin

Examples?

Answer 8

System administration binaries IE. fdisk and init

Question 9

/sys

Answer 9

• sysfs pseudo-filesystem giving information about the system and processes running on it.
• Can be used to alter parameters.
• similar to a device tree and is part of the Unified Device Model

Question 10

Additional 2 files in the /boot directory

Answer 10

config The config file used when compiling the kernel, it is really here just for bookkeeping and reference when debugging.
System.map The kernel symbol table, which is very useful for debugging. It gives the hexadecimal addresses of all kernel symbols

Question 11

/usr/bin

Answer 11

Command binaries that are deemed non-essential enough to merit a place in /bin go in /usr/bin. Programs required only by non-root users
are placed in this category

Question 12

/etc/init.d

Answer 12

Contains start up and shut down scripts when using System V initialization

Question 13

Shareable

Answer 13

data which can be shared between different hosts (home directories)

Question 14

non-shareable

Answer 14

data which must be specific to a particular host (lock files)

Question 15

Variable

Answer 15

data that may change even without a systems administrators help

Question 16

static

Answer 16

data that does not change without system admistrators assistance (binaries, libraries, documentation)

Question 17

FHS

Answer 17

The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard, administered originally by the Free Standards Group and now by the Linux Foundation,

Question 18

/var

Answer 18

Variable data that changes during system operation