Chap2 Vocab(L1,L2) Flashcards
Ampacity
Amp-carrying capacity of an electrical conductor. The contraction of amp and capacity create an electrical term for how much current a conductor can carry safely
Atom
The smallest particle still characterizing a chemical element.
Battery
Series and/or parallel combination of cells. A group of cells connected in series (More voltage) or parallel (more current)
Cell
A single chemical structure composed of an electrolytic solution (sulfuric acid) and two different metallic electrodes (lead and lead peroxide).
Compound
A material made from the chemical combination of two or more elements.
Conductor
A material that easily passes electrical current. Examples include silver. copper. and aluuminum
Electricity
A class of phenomena that results from the interaction of objects that exhibit a charge (electrons and protons.) In its static form, electricity exhibits many similarities to another naturally occurring force–magnetism.
Electrolyte
Any material that will dissolve into ions when immersed in a liquid. The liquid thus becomes and electrical conductor.
Electron
One of the three main components of an atom. The electron is a fundamental particle, and by definition has a negative electrical charge
Element
The simplest form of matter. There are more than 103 known elements, 92 of which occur naturally. All matter is made from chemical combinations of elements.
Gluon
The particle that mediates or transmits the strong nuclear force between quarks. The fundamental particle responsible for the string nuclear force.
Insulator
A material that does not allow electrical current to flow easily. Examples: Rubber, plastic, and mica.
Ion
An atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons. A positive ion has lost electrons, and a negative ion has gained one or more electrons.
Isotope
One of two or more atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
Matter
The material from which all known physical objects are made.
Molecule
The chemical combination of two or more atoms. The smallest particle of a compound that has the same chemical characteristics of the compound.
Neutron
One of the three main components of an atom. The neutron has no electrical charge and is therefore classed electrically neutral. The neutron has been shown to be composed of even smaller particles, called quarks.
Piezoelectric
Electricity created by stress or pressure in a material–Especially a crystalline material.
Primary Cell
A cell that cannot be recharged after it has depleted all of its stored chemical energy in the form of electricity.
Proton
One of the three main components of a atom. The proton has a positive electrical charge. The proton has been shown to be composed of even smaller particles, called quarks.
Quark
One of the fundamental particles of matter. There are six different types of quarks that are assembled in different combinations to create larger particles, such as protons and neutrons.
Secondary cell
A cell whose chemical energy can be restored by forcing electrical conductivity.
Semiconductor
A material that falls between conductors and insulators in terms of electrical conductivity
Static electricity
An electrical charge that is stationary or nonmoving. Sometimes called triboelectricty.
Strong nuclear force
The force that holds quarks together to make up neutrons and protons. The residual strong nuclear force is also responsible for the holding protons and neutrons together in the nucleus despite the electrical repulsion trying to force the protons apart.
Thermocouple
A junction of two dissimilar metals that creates an electrical potential when heated
Thermoelectricity
Electricity created by heat.
Valence electrons
The electrons that make up the valence shell. Valence electrons are free to participate in current flow.
Valence ring or shell
The outermost shell of electrons in an atom.
