Chap2

Question 1

Proper nouns

Answer 1

names of specific individuals, animals, places or brands

Question 2

Concrete nouns

Answer 2

tangible objects ex: table

Question 3

abstract nouns

Answer 3

intangible things or ideas ex: creativity

Question 4

News writers try to use the most ____ and ____ nouns possible

Answer 4

concrete and specific

Question 5

4 principle forms of verb tense

Answer 5

present: ex: run
⁃ present participle: ex: running
⁃ past: ex: ran
⁃ past participle: ex: run

Question 6

ADJECTIVES

Answer 6

describe nouns and pronouns

Question 7

3 degrees of comparison:

Answer 7

positive degree
comparative degree
superlative degree

Question 8

positive degree:

Answer 8

merely states that the thing possesses a quality ex: the thick book

Question 9

comparative degree:

Answer 9

comparing two things in degree to which they posses a quality ex: the thicker book

Question 10

superlative degree

Answer 10

used when three or more things are being compared ex: the thickest book
adjectival phrases are often hyphenated (ex: sky-blue shirt)

Question 11

indefinite article:

Answer 11

“a” and “an”

Question 12

definite article:

Answer 12

“the”

Question 13

ADVERBS

Answer 13

modify verbs, adjectives and other adverbs

ex: Rose quickly closed the door 
ex2: Henry recited the alphabet backward.

Question 14

Antecedent

Answer 14

that which goes before

Question 15

Demonstrative pronoun

Answer 15

singular> this, that

plural> these, those

Question 16

interrogative pronoun

Answer 16

pronouns used to ask a question: who which what

Question 17

Relative pronoun examples

Answer 17

which what that

Question 18

prepositions

Answer 18

ex: at, from, about, without, in addition to

Question 19

CONJUNCTIONS

Answer 19

words or phrases that connect other words, phrases clauses, or sentences

Question 20

Coordinating Conjunctions

Answer 20

ex: and, or, but, nor, for ,yet, so

Question 21

A subordinating conjunction joins a _____ ____ to a_____ ____ . Give examples too.

Answer 21

subordinate clause, to a main clause : ex: after, although, because, before, hence, if

Question 22

Independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction should use a ____ before the conjunction

Answer 22

comma

Question 23

Independent clauses with no coordinating conjunction linking them, use a _____

Answer 23

semicolon.

Question 24

Independent clauses linked by a conjunctive adverb need _____

Answer 24

semicolons

ex: however, moreover, nevertheless, therefore

Question 25

Correlative conjunctions come in _____

Answer 25

pairs | ex: both and, either or, neither nor

Question 26

INTERJECTIONS

Answer 26

words or short phrases that express strong, sudden emotions. | ex: hey, aw, bravo, goodbye, oh, ouch

Question 27

Basic sentence structure includes ____, _____ and ______.

Answer 27

a subject verb and a direct object.

Question 28

Indirect objects are used to...

Answer 28

tell for/to which or whom the action was done; can be identified by "to" or "for" before the word.

Question 29

Transitive Verbs:

Answer 29

indicate that the action is transferred to a direct object.

Question 30

Compound-complex sentences:

Answer 30

one or more dependent clauses together with two or more independent clauses.

Question 31

A complete sentence needs at least a what two things?

Answer 31

subject and a verb

Question 32

When the indirect object takes the form of a prepositional phrase, it usually follows the...

Answer 32

direct object. EX: Lucianda bought an iPad for her husband.

Question 33

When a noun alone is used as an indirect object, it usually comes between the _____ and the _____ _____.

Answer 33

verb and direct object EX: Juan sent Maria a Valentine card.

Question 34

active-voice

Answer 34

subject>verb>object

Question 35

passive-voice

Answer 35

opposite of active, uses direct object of an active voice sentence as its subject, subject becomes prepositional phrase, verb is replace with its past participle and a from of the verb "to be"

Question 36

false passive

Answer 36

using the indirect object as the subject of the passive-voice sentence.

Question 37

plural with plural and singular with singular, be mindful that groups are addressed ______

Answer 37

singularly EX: The American Society of Newspaper Editors has begun a program to help journalists.

Question 38

limit the use of _____, and make sure each one has a clear ______

Answer 38

pronouns/ antecedent

Question 39

if the sentence is read without the subordinate clause and the meaning does not change, then "____" should introduce the clause. Otherwise, use "_____".

Answer 39

which/ that

Question 40

When is that/which addresses who or what?

Answer 40

inanimate objects or animals without names

Question 41

Who/whom addresses who or what?

Answer 41

people and animals with names

Question 42

"Who" is the ____ of a ____

Answer 42

subject of a clause

Question 43

"whom" is the ____ of a ______

Answer 43

object of a verb or preposition

Question 44

Suggestion: Isolate the "who" or "whom" phrase and if the answer to a question would be "he/she" use "_____"; if the answer to a question would be "him/her" use _____.

Answer 44

who/whom

Question 45

Misplaced Modifiers

Answer 45

words or phrases that limit, restrict or qualify some other word or phrase

Question 46

"because" modifies a _____

Answer 46

verb ex: The umpires delayed the game because of the weather.

Question 47

"due to" modifies a ____

Answer 47

noun ex: The game was delayed due to the weather.