chap1 people

Question 1

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Answer 1

use magnifying glass, described live microorganisms

Question 2

Robert Hooke - cell theory

Answer 2

living things are composed of cells

Question 3

Theodor Schwann & Matthias Schleiden - cell theory

Answer 3

cell is a nit of structure, physiology, organization in living things cells form by free-cell formation, similar to the formation of crystals = spontaneous generation

Question 4

Rudolf Virchow - cell theory

Answer 4

cells arise from preexisting cells

Question 5

Francisco Redi - evidence

Answer 5

3 jar covered with fine net = NO maggots 3 jar opened = maggots

Question 6

John Needham - evidence

Answer 6

boiled brith into covered flasks = microbes growth (air?)

Question 7

Lazzaro Spallanzani - evidence

Answer 7

broth in flask, heated, sealed = NO microbes growth

Question 8

Louis Pasteur - evidence

Answer 8

• microorganisms are in the air - Germ Theory of Disease = the relationship -between microbes and disease, immunity, and antimicrobial drugs - Fermentation and Pasteurization: microbes are responsible for fermentation - fermentation is the conversion of sugar to alcohol with no air (beer, wine) - microbial growth is for spoilage of food - bacteria that use alcohol and acetic acid spoil wine by turn into vinegar, could be killed by heat - pasteurization is application of a high heat for a short time to kill bacteria - association of microbes with a biochemical change and process

Question 9

Ignaz Semmelweis - Germ Theory of disease

Answer 9

Handwashing to prevent transmission puerperal fever from patient to another

Question 10

Joseph Lister - Germ Theory of disease influenced by Pasteur

Answer 10

chemical disinfectant to prevent surgical wound infections

Question 11

Robert Koch - Germ Theory of disease influenced by Pasteur

Answer 11

bacterium causes anthrax and provided the experimental steps; Koch’s postulates (suggests) to prove specific microbe causes a specific disease

Question 12

Edward Jenner (travel india/china)

Answer 12

gave a person with cowpox virus, then who was protected from small pox Vaccination / protection=immunity

Question 13

Paul Ehrlich

Answer 13

first synthetic drugs invest; “magic bullet” destroy a pathogen without hearing the host Salvarsan - arsenic drug for syphilis(sex disease) Sulfonamides

Question 14

Alexander Fleming

Answer 14

1928 discover; first antibiotic Penicillin that killed S.aureus 1940 Penicillin was mass produced

Question 15

Rebecca Lancefield

Answer 15

immunology to identify some bacteria according to serotypes.

Question 16

Paul Berg

Answer 16

animal DNA to bacterial DNA; bacteria produced animal protein

Question 17

Luc Montagnier and Francoise Barre-Sinousal (Pasteur Institute)

Answer 17

isolate a virus from the swollen lymph gland of an AIDS patient.