CHAP1: Intro to the Human Body

Question 1

Define Anatomy.

Answer 1

Science of body structures and their relationship.

Question 2

Define Physiology.

Answer 2

Science of body functions.

Question 3

What are the 6 levels of structural organization? (smallest to largest)

Answer 3

1. Chemical (atoms & chemicals)
2. Cellular (structural & functional unit)
3. Tissues (group of cell function together)
4. Organ (different types of tissue joined)
5. System (organs with common func.)
6. Organismal (individual living human)

Question 4

What are the 11 body systems?

Answer 4

1. Nervous
2. Integumentary
3. Circulatory
4. Endocrine
5. Reproductive
6. Digestive
7. Respiratory
8. Urinary
9. Muscular
10. Skeletal
11. Lymphatic
    :0

Question 5

What are the 8 characteristics of life?

Answer 5

Metabolism, responsiveness, movement, differentiation, growth and reproduction.

Question 6

What does metabolism do?

Answer 6

All chemical reactions! Catabolism (break) and Anabolism (build)

Question 7

What is intracellular fluid?

Answer 7

Any fluid in cells (Cytosol!!)

Question 8

What is extracellular fluid?

Answer 8

Any fluid outside the cells (blood)

Question 9

Explain hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic solutions.

Answer 9

Hypotonic: Less solute
Hypertonic: More solute
Isotonic: Equal or same solute

Question 10

What is homeostasis?

Answer 10

Body maintaining stable internal conditions

Question 11

What disrupts homeostasis? What systems is this regulated by?

Answer 11

External/Internal stresses and psychological stresses regulated by the nervous system and endocrine system.

Question 12

What is a feedback system?

Answer 12

cycle of events to maintain controlled conditions. “set point”

Question 13

What are the 3 components of a feedback system?

Answer 13

1. Receptor (receives signals, send to control)
2. Control center (determines set point, eval. info and send to effector)
3. Effector (returns to homeostasis)

Question 14

Explain negative and positive feedback.

Question 15

Explain the difference between disorders and disease.

Answer 15

Disorder is an abnormality of signs/symptoms. Disease is specific signs and symptoms.

Question 16

Explain the difference between signs and symptoms.

Answer 16

Signs are objective and measurable. Symptoms are subjective.

Question 17

As a nurse, how can you refer to the pt. bodies and areas accurately?

Answer 17

Using the anatomical position terms, being precise, spelling correctly, and be neat.

Question 18

What is anatomical position?

Answer 18

Stand up straight feed shoulder width apart, palms facing up, eyes forward

Question 19

Explain the sagittal plane.

Answer 19

Divides right and left.

Question 20

Explain the frontal or coronal plane.

Answer 20

Divides front and back. (Anterior and posterior)

Question 21

Explain the transverse or cross-sectional plane.

Answer 21

Divides top and bottom. (Superior and inferior)

Question 22

Explain the oblique plane.

Answer 22

Divides at an angle.