chap 9

Question 1

demography

Answer 1

the study of statistics such as births, deaths, income, or the incidence of disease, which illustrate the changing structure of human populations.

Question 2

age structure

Answer 2

The composition of a population in terms of the proportions of individuals of different ages; represented as a bar graph with younger ages at the bottom and males and females on either side

Question 3

survivorship

Answer 3

the state or condition of being a survivor; survival.

Question 4

fertility rate

Answer 4

measures the average number of children per woman

Question 5

migration

Answer 5

seasonal movement of animals from one region to another.

Question 6

life expectancy

Answer 6

the average period that a person may expect to live.

Question 7

demographic transition

Answer 7

based on historical population trends of two demographic characteristics – birth rate and death rate – to suggest that a country’s total population growth rate cycles through stages as that country develops economically.

Question 8

infrastructure

Answer 8

the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g. buildings, roads, power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.

Question 9

arable land

Answer 9

as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land that is temporarily fallow

Question 10

urbanization

Answer 10

the process of making an area more urban.

Question 11

least developed countries

Answer 11

low-income countries confronting severe structural impediments to sustainable development.