Chap 8/9 Flashcards
What is the overall purpose of the research design in a quantitative research study?
To provide the plan for answering the research question
In which of these ways does the nurse researchers literature review help select the appropriate study design?
By objectively assessing available knowledge of the area
When reviewing a research report, the nurse determines that all aspects of the study systematically and logically follow from the research problem. Which condition has been met
Accuracy
Which factor is most likely to be a mediating variable in a study to determine if high doses of vitamin C help reduce the subject susceptibility to influenza
The subjects use of influenza vaccine
A nurse researcher is designing a quantitative research study involving a specific group of patients admitted to local hospitals. Which factor would negatively affect the feasibility of the study.
Potential study subjects represented less than 1% of hospital admissions during the year previous to the study.
A nurse is designing a study to determine whether a video tape or a written pamphlet is more effective in teaching young women how to perform Self breast examinations.
Which of these actions would provide the best control for a mediating variable
Exclude subjects who already perform BSE on a regular basis
How would a nurse researcher ensure that the sample used in quantitative study is homogeneous?
Use eligibility criteria to limit extraneous variables relevant to the study.
How can a nurse researchers use of a homogeneous sample weaken a research study?
By decreasing the generalizability of the findings.
Why should a nurse researcher want to limit or eliminate extraneous variables in the study?
Extraneous variables compete with the independent variable’s as explanations of the studies outcome
When should a nurse researcher include an extraneous variable as part of the studies design?
When the variable is an important consideration for the studies outcome.
A study examining the effects of a new anti-emetic drug, compared with placebo on lipoprotein levels in postmenopausal women. Which of these actions represents the researchers attempt At consistency and data collection to control extraneous variables?
Drawling the serum lipoprotein levels of all subjects at the same time of the day
A nurse research assigns half a study sample to an experimental group and the other half to a control group. What does this action represent?
Manipulation of the independent variable
For which of these reasons would a nurse researcher choose to assign subjects randomly to groups in any study?
To help ensure that all groups within the study are representative of the larger population
A nurse researcher assigns subjects to experimental and control groups in such a manner that each subject in a population has an equal chance of being selected. What is the researcher using?
Randomization
The issue of control would be less important in a quantitative study with which type of research design?
Exploratory
Which situation represents a threat to internal validity in an experimental study measuring the effect of a videotape of discharge instructions for patients who underwent coronary artery he bypass graft?
Patients in the experimental group discussed aspects of the video tape with patients in the control group
The nurse researcher designed a study examining anxiety among elementary school children. It’s a widely publicized murder of a child occurred in the city during the timeframe of the study, which type of threat to internal validity with the murder represent.
Historical
A nurse researcher should consider mortality a threat to the studies internal ability for which of these reasons
Those who dropped out of the study maybe different than those who remain in the study
A nurse researcher can control for selection bias in a study by taking which of these actions?
Use defined selection criteria for approaching potential subjects
External validity refers to which issues?
The degree to which findings are generalizable to populations beyond those studied
Which of these situations describe a reactive (Hawthorne) effect?
Control subjects in an intervention study to reduce anxiety also experience a reduction in anxiety.
A nurse researcher is investigating the effect of type of operating room mattress and surgical position on tissue interface pressures in healthy young adults. Which component of research is most effected by the choice of the subject?
External validity
What action by a nurse researcher will help determine bias on the dependent variable?
establishing strict eligibility criteria for the study participants
A nurse researcher is planning to write a proposal for a research study using a quantitative design. To maintain control in the study, the nurse should include which elements?
Valid, reliable collection methods
Trained data collectors
Standardized data collection process
A nursing student is reviewing a research study in which a researchers used a pretext/post test design to examine the effects on an AIDS education intervention on teens knowledge about the condition over a school year. What threats to internal validity could be present
Select all
Maturation
Testing
What should the nurse researcher consider when determining the feasibility of a research question?
Select all
Time
Subject availability
Cost
Which factors would be considered threats to internal validity
Select all that apply
History
Testing
Selection bias
The measures used by nurse researcher to maintain uniformity of conditions in a quantitative research study referred to which aspect of the study?
Control
The nurse is critiquing a research study that used an experimental design. How can the nurse determine that the studies results are able to inter casualty?
The relationship between independent and dependent variables must not be explainable by any other variable
The nurses critiquing a research study that involves subjects undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer. Which finding would me a criterion for inferring Causality between performance of exercise and adaptive behavior of the subjects receiving chemotherapy?
The level of adaptive behavior increased in direct proportion to an increase in intensity of the exercise
The experimental treatment initiated by a researcher can be described as what kind of variable
Independent
Which of these criteria is most important when evaluating the results of an experimental research study
The validity that the experimental treatment cause the desired affect on the outcome
Compared with the quasiexperimental design which of these characteristics should a nurse expect to see only in a true experimental design?
Random assignment
Which factor should be the primary consideration when determining the validity of experimental study findings
The extent to which the researcher controlled intervening variables
In which way is the independent variable handled differently in a study with a true experimental design compared with a study with a quasi-experimental design?
Although both designs identify an independent variable, the nature of the groups (randomize versus nonrandomized) means that manipulation may result in different results
Random assignment of subjects to experimental and control groups has which of these effects
Decreases systematic bias
Randomization strengthens an experimental study in which of these ways?
It increases the likelihood that differences in outcomes between the groups are not related to chance alone
Control is important in the experimental research study for which of these reasons
It introduces one or more Constants in the experimental situation
In a true experimental study, the control group is the group that does what?
Receives the placebo treatment
Which action would increase the control of an experimental study?
Establishing strict criteria for subject selection
A study of a program to help people quit cigarette smoking had three groups of subjects. The first group received one Supportive phone call 10 days after attending a program on strategies to resist smoking. A second group receive a supportive phone call every week for six weeks after attending the program. If their group received no Supportive phone calls after attending the program. In the above scenario which of these properties of experimental research is evident?
Manipulation of the treatment dose
A study of a program to help people quit smoking cigarettes had three groups of subject. The first group had received one Supportive phone call 10 days after attending a program on strategies to resist smoking. If I can group received a support a phone call every six weeks. If their group receive no Supportive phone calls. What is the dependent variable in the research scenario?
elimination of cigarette smoking
What type of threat to the validity is minimized by the use of a Solomon four design
Testing
An after-only non-equivalent control group design would be appropriate to study which of these research questions?
What is the effect of preoperative teaching on vascular complications after orthopedic surgery?
A quasi-experimental study design would be a better choice for a research study than an experimental study design in which of these situations
Full experimental control is not possible
The nurse researcher is planning a study in which subjects will not be randomly assigned to groups. Which type of design would be appropriate for the study
Not equivalent control group design
A planned quasiexperimental study using a non-equivalent control group design has several extraneous variables that threaten its internal validity. The nurse researchers action should be based on which understanding?
The study should be strengthened by controlling intervening variables
Hey quads I experimental research design will be preferable to an experimental design in which of these situations
Data will need to be collected in a real-world setting
A study was conducted to determine if videotaped instruction was more effective than written instruction pamphlet, to teach menopausal women the benefit of regular mammograms. Which condition would be considered an antecedent variable?
Four members of the pamphlet group had mothers who have been diagnosed with breast cancer, but no members of the video tape group had mothers would been diagnosed with breast cancer
In A study using a true experimental design, which of these methods would control for antecedent variables?
Random assignment to groups
How are threats to validity affected when studies are conducted in real-world settings?
Threats to internal validity are increased, what threats to external validity or decreased
How are threats to validity affected when studies conducted in laboratory settings
Threats to internal validity are decreased whereas threats to external validity are increased
Which are characteristics of quasiexperimental research designs that are considered weaknesses, compared with experimental designs? Select all that apply
Confidence in making casual assertions.
Subject to contamination of internal validity.
Findings due to interference of extraneous variables.
A research study in a laboratory setting incorporates four groups two control and two experimental, in which one experimental group and one control group are pretested, while all four groups are post tested. Which description of the design are accurate? Select all that apply
Experimental design.
Solomon four group design
A research study is planned to determine the effect of nutritional supplementation and type of support surface on the rate of wound healing in sacral myocutaneous flap failures. Which is an independent variable in the study? Select all that apply
Type of surface support and
nutritional supplementation
Which research designs could be classified as experimental? Select all that apply
Solomon four group design
After-only design
True experimental pretest/post test control group design
Which of these research designs could be classified as quasiexperimental? Select all that apply
Not equivalent control group design
After-only nonequivalent control group design
One group pretest posttest design
Time series design
