Chap 8 Flashcards
Broca’s aphasia
Syndrome in which a lesion to a specific region of the left hemisphere causes a loss of fluent speech even though the person’s speech comprehension is relatively spared.
Aphasia
The loss of a language processing ability after brain damage.
Wernicke’s aphasia
Syndrome in which there is disrupted speech comprehension along with fluent (but nonsensical) speech output; speech output occurs without hesitation, sounds are well formed, and all parts of speech are present, but output is a jumble of words, often referred to as a word salad.
Paraphasias
Errors in producing specific words.
Semantic paraphasia
Error in which the substituted word has a meaning similar to that of the intended word.
Phonemic paraphasia
Error in which the substituted word sounds similar to that of the intended word.
Neologisms
Made-up words that follow the rules for combining sounds in the language, yet are not real words.
Conduction aphasia
A disconnection syndrome characterized by the inability to repeat what was just heard, although language comprehension and speech production are intact; caused by damage that severs the connection
between Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas.
Disconnection syndromes
A behavioral deficit that occurs when information carried by fibers of passage cannot be transmitted from one brain region to another.
Global aphasia
Inability to comprehend or produce language; associated with extensive left-hemisphere damage that typically includes both Wernicke’s and Broca’s areas and the area between them.
Syntax
The rules of grammar.
Phonology
Study of the sounds that compose a language and the rules that govern their combination.
Semantics
The meaning of language.
Orthography
The rules that govern how letters are
combined in spelling.
Amusia
Acquired disorders of music perception, performance, and reading or writing following brain damage.
